玉米单倍体成株诱导率和加倍率研究

利用吉诱SM6278-2对31份不同种质基础材料进行单倍体杂交诱导,在三亚南滨农场基地进行自然加倍自交试验。结果表明,不同材料单倍体诱导成株率存在差异,差异不显著;单倍体诱导成株率最高达4.7%,最低为0.3%,平均为1.0%;不同材料单倍体雄穗加倍率存在极显著差异,最高为47.1%,最低为1.6%,平均为16.7%;不同材料单倍体结实株率存在极显著差异,最高为23.5%,最低为0%,平均为6.1%;不同材料单倍体雄穗加倍形成的花粉亲和力差异极显著。单倍体雄穗加倍与自交结实密切相关,单倍体雄性的育性问题是单倍体自交结实性的关键因素。     

玉米不同基础群体选系高效测验系筛选

采用常规方法从新组配的14个Reid类F₁基础群体中选育自交系,对S₄代选系与其他三大优势类群10个骨干自交系为测验系组配成的1 902个测交组合进行田间鉴定,分析从中筛选出428个优组合的子粒产量和百粒重表现及其与选系基础群体和测验系的关系。结果表明,来源于不同基础群体和同一基础群体的不同选系与不同优势类群和同一优势类群不同测验系间测交组合的子粒产量和百粒重均存在较大差异。来源于基础群体BP5选系子粒产量和百粒重的一般配合力较高,其与测验系昌7-2间子粒产量和百粒重以及与测验系浚926间百粒重的特殊配合力均较高;BP7群体选系百粒重和子粒产量、BP6群体选系百粒重和BP9群体选系子粒产量的一般配合力均较高;BP1、BP2和BP5群体选系与测验系浚926间组合的百粒重,BP6、BP7群体选系与测验系浚926间组合子粒产量,BP4、BP5、BP10和BP12群体选系与测验系昌7-2间组合百粒重,BP2和BP10群体选系与测验系昌7-2间组合子粒产量及BP4群体选系与测验系HL02间组合子粒产量的特殊配合力均较高。昌7-2、浚926和HL02是比较适宜的高效测验系。     

甜高粱与粒用高粱正反交F_1代农艺性状差异分析

对甜高粱与粒用高粱正反交F1代杂交种的杂种优势及其主要农艺性状进行了比较分析。结果表明:只有穗粒重表现出明显的群体超亲优势,按均值大小排顺序为:单株生物产量穗粒重株高穗长锤度生育期。甜高粱与粒用高粱正反交F1代主要农艺性状单株生物产量、含糖量、穗粒重、株高、穗长和生育期6个性状之间的差异不明显。     

一种水下无线传感网络中节能跨层路由协议

为了提高水下无线传感器网络（Underwater Wireless Sensor Network,UWSN）的能量有效性,对节能路由策略进行研究.当给定源宿节点距离,通过多跳中继转发数据时,证明了一定存在能量最优的中继跳距.提出了一种节能的路由协议,节点通过适当的信息交换来获取邻居信息而不必知道全局信息,基于跨层设计的思想,在物理层根据反馈信息和最优跳距分配不同的功率级,在网络层寻找与理想路径临近的节点作为下一跳节点.仿真结果表明,该协议相对于FBR、VBF和DFR路由协议消耗更少的能量.     

猪、犬旋毛虫成虫免疫原性试验

通过提取猪、犬旋毛虫成虫抗原，制备成虫油佐剂免疫原，在小鼠体内进行同源特异性免疫试验和交叉免疫试验。试验得到猪旋毛虫成虫抗原同源免疫减虫率为５５．８０％，其对犬旋毛虫的交叉免疫减虫率是３５．１１％；犬旋毛虫成虫抗原同源免疫的减虫率为３９．００％，其对猪旋毛虫的交叉免疫减虫率是２４．９６％。试验结果揭示，猪、犬旋毛虫成虫具有一定的免疫原性，其交叉免疫减虫率低于同源特异性免疫。猪旋毛虫成虫抗原对犬旋毛虫的交叉免疫与犬旋毛虫自身的同源特异性免疫差异不显著。     

浅析严格控制钢筋保护层厚度的原因及其保证措施

论述了钢筋砼保护层厚度控制的重要性及钢筋砼保护层防控措施。     

Geographical distribution of the DL1 and DL2 genes causing hybrid dwarfism in Phaseolus vulgaris L., their association with seed size,and their significance to breeding

Summary Dwarlism in F₁ hybrids has been observed in over 100 crosses of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. In each cross, one parent always had small seeds and the other parent either medium or la ge ones. This apparent incompatibility between the two groups of germplasm was controlled by two complementary, dominant genes: DL₁ and DL₂. Smallseeded bean lines carried gene DL₁ and originated in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico; medium for large-seeded bean lines carried gene DL₂ and were from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Turkey, The United States, and West Germany. Thes two genes have probably played an important role in the evolution of dry bean forms of different seed sizes by serving as a genetic barrier or isolating mechanism, thus limiting free genetic recombination between the two germplasm groups.Apparent differences in the adaptiveness and yielding ability of the two groups of bean germplasm, smallys, medium- and large-seeded, and some breeding implications for manipulation of the genes causing F₁ hybrid dwarfism were also discovered.     

棉铃虫对Bt毒蛋白(Cry1 Ac)抗性品系的选育

1 997～2000年,用含Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac)的人工饲料对来自本所试验棉田的棉铃虫经过室内21代中16代次的筛选,筛选后F19代LC50值(4.3646g@L1)比筛选前F2代LC50值(0.2972 g@L-1)提高了14.7倍.试验还发现雌性棉铃虫对Bt毒蛋白的敏感性大于雄性.对Bt毒蛋白抗性品系筛选前后分别测定了其不同菌系(商品制剂Dipel和Xentari)的剂量-死亡率回归线,发现Bt毒蛋白抗性品系与其不同菌系间不存在明显的交互抗性.     

十字花科芸薹属种间杂种营养优势的利用研究

选用4个油菜雄性不育系和三种类型十字花科芸薹属种, 研究了不同杂交组合的亲和性, 杂种一代的营养优势表现和杂种营养优势的生理基础以及品质性状表现. 结果表明: 利用油菜雄性不育系与其它十字花科芸薹属种间杂交可以显著提高种间杂交的亲和性, 并具有细胞质遗传效应. 通过杂交制种可以获得大量的杂种应用于生产. 十字花科     

Changes in Frequency of Plants Resistant to Barley Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia hordei Otth. in a Barley Composite Cross Population

The response of barley Composite Cross XLI to selection for resistance to leaf rust was evaluated. Representative samples from eight cycles of recurrent selection were inoculated with an isolate of Puccinia bordei Otth. in both the seedling and adult plant stage. Disease symptoms were evaluated 14 days after inoculation. The resistance in CC XLI increased with selection in the seedling stage from 15.1 to 20.5 %, and in the adult plant stage from 20.5 to 37.5 %, respectively. The largest gains in resistance were observed in the earlier cycles of recurrent selection. Significant fluctuations in percent resistant plants occurred between the years.