基于条件植被温度指数的冬小麦产量预测

条件植被温度指数(VTCI)综合了地表主要参数——植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(LST),能够较为准确地对干旱进行监测,可为抗旱救灾、遥感作物估产等提供科学依据。在改进层次分析法的加权VTCI与冬小麦产量的相关性研究成果和VTCI的季节性ARIMA模型干旱预测研究成果基础上,对关中平原的冬小麦产量进行向前1旬、2旬和3旬的预测研究。研究结果表明,产量预测结果与产量监测结果吻合较好,预测精度随着预测步长的增大而降低,关中平原4个地级市平均产量预测结果的最大相对误差为3.27%,说明用该方法可以进行向前3旬的产量预测。     

基于改进边缘分割算法的幼苗信息提取

优化特征空间和改进分割算法是利用面向对象技术准确获取幼苗信息的关键,也是高空间分辨率数据提取目标地物信息迫切需要解决的问题。研究了在多光谱影像进行去噪声处理基础上,采用改进的基于边缘的算法进行影像分割,同时选取纹理、形状、光谱特征构建特征空间,实现幼苗信息提取的方法。结果表明,该方法对幼苗信息提取的总精度达86%,比传统技术提高了12%,KAPPA系数达0.814 5,比传统技术提高了0.115 9。该方法可以对幼苗信息进行准确快速提取,能够为生产或管理部门进行准确监测和决策提供依据,对未来造林情况进行预测和评价有重要意义。     

优化反向PCR法分离转基因油菜外源T-DNA侧翼序列的研究(英文)

[目的]优化反向PCR(IPCR)条件分离油菜转基因外源T-DNA的侧翼序列。[方法]以单拷贝的转基因油菜FS4为研究材料,用SDS法和改良CTAB法(包括低温操作、增加酚氯仿的抽提次数以及延长低温沉淀时间等)提取转基因油菜总DNA,并进行酶切、纯化、自连接,再使用普通聚合酶与热启动高保真的ExTaqHS聚合酶进行两轮巢式PCR扩增,进行序列对比。油菜数据库比对搜索采用BBSRCBrassicaDB上WU-BLAST2.0工具,拟南芥数据库比对分析采用TAIR数据库中WU-BLAST2.0工具。为验证FS4转基因中T-DNA插入位点的真实性,根据序列比对分析结果在T-DNA插入位点的左右两端分别设计引物FS4-L与FS4-R。分别采用3对引物pS2/FS4-L、pA2/FS4-R、FS4-L/FS4-R同时对T1代转基因FS4杂合体和非转基因对照植株的基因组进行PCR验证。[结果]两轮巢式PCR扩增得到1个大小为4.0kb的片段,其序列与油菜数据库中BH652424和BZ044084两序列同源性分别高达97.8%和63.4%。根据序列比对结果设计特异引物对进行PCR验证的结果,也证明了FS4转基因油菜中T-DNA的确插入在该位点。[结论]优化后的IPCR条件能成功分离油菜转基因外源T-DNA的侧翼序列。     

黄南州改良绒山羊绒纤维物理性状的分析

黄南州改良绒山羊绒纤维物理性状的测定结果为：细度14．14－14．68μm；伸直长度8．04μm；净绒率66．24％－76．92％；强度5．93－7．35cN;绒毛比37：64－51：49；绒毛束的纯绒率36．42％－43．34％，表明羊绒品质与柴达木绒山羊相当，优于国内其它部分品种，是优等的毛纺原料。     

Production and use of maize seed for sowing in Bolívar,Ecuador

In the province of Bolívar in the Andean region 212 farmers, six salesmen and 14 technicians, involved in maize production, were interviewed. The majority of the farmers interviewed were small-holders; 64% of the farmers had a farm size of less than 4.5 ha. Maize is the most important crop and is often grown in association with beans. Most maize, 96%, is soft maize meant for human consumption. The cultivars grown are open pollinated ones. One cultivar, ‘Guagal’, was grown extensively. A few others, among which an improved version of Guagal were of some importance. In the production of maize the farmers consider damage due to insects, wind (lodging), diseases, drought and hail, the low prices for their surplus maize and the high costs of fertilizers, chemicals, sowing seed and labour as the most important constraints. The seed for sowing the next crop mainly came from seed kept from the last harvest. Farmers indicated that they select from the harvested ears the healthy looking larger ones. Kernel type also was a selection criterion. Selection for plant type in the field was rarely done. Of the farmers 71% stored the maize as kernels while 29% stored the seed kept on the ears. The storage was predominantly done somewhere in the house in plastic (56%) or cloth bags (14%), in a pile (13%), just on the floor (4%) or in cans (4%). Some farmers still had seed left from the last sowing and were willing to give a sample for testing. From 32 such samples the quality was assessed by INIAP, the Ecuadorean governmental research and breeding organisation. The samples were consistently of a low quality. Especially the vigour of the seedlings was poor and most of the seeds were infected or contaminated by fungi. In the region a few salesmen offer maize seed for sale of cultivar Guagal at prices affordable by the farmer. Of improved cultivars the prices were higher than most farmers are willing to pay. The technicians considered good seed quality and good maintenance of the cultivars effective methods in obtaining better yields. Many farmers do not have access to seed of INIAP and are not familiar with the improved cultivars.     

应用SSR分子标记分析国外种质对我国小麦品种的遗传贡献

利用363对SSR标记分析了在我国小麦生产和育种中发挥了重要作用的11份国外引进品种和33份选育品种的遗传组成,旨在揭示国外种质对我国小麦品种改良的遗传贡献,指导种质资源引进和利用。国外种质包含了选育品种所发现等位变异的76.3%。与不同时期小麦品种等位基因多样性比较发现,国外种质的平均等位变异数最多(3.92),20世纪60年代(2.86)和70年代(3.01)基本一致,80年代有所升高(3.46)。品种间遗传距离比较与品种等位基因多样性结果相吻合。比较引进和选育品种在SSR位点的等位变异频率变化,发现至少在33个SSR位点,国外种质等位变异在我国小麦育种中被优先选择(该等位变异在引进和选育品种的分布频率均高于70%),其中一些位点已知与产量、生育期和抗病等性状密切相关。表明引进品种在以上基因组区域对我国小麦品种具有非常高的遗传贡献。     

改进杂交法在紫甘薯资源创新利用及新品种选育上的应用

通过创新杂交方法,选育适合中国产业化发展的紫甘薯新品种。我们创新利用改进杂交法,并对其杂交后代进行改良或直接利用。结果表明:改进杂交法的单株平均结实率比人工定向授粉和辅助授粉分别提高20.8%￣32.3%和14.6%￣28.9%,后代紫心品系入选率分别提高7%￣14.6%和30.4%￣62.2%。利用该方法创新选育出优良亲本烟164、80、194。选育出优良新品系烟紫薯653、176、323、优良后备材料烟紫薯18、20,选育出优良新品种烟紫薯337。并初步探明:紫甘薯后代产量遗传主要受加性基因控制,后代紫心品系入选率的遗传部分受加性基因控制。     

分布式农产品物流配送系统研究

设计分布式农产品物流配送系统的体系和功能结构,建立配送中心选址和配送路径优化2个核心数学模型,分别运用粒子群优化算法和改进蚁群算法求解,并将分布式技术与GIS技术相结合以实现系统。     

蝴蝶兰红花系品种间杂交结果率研究

选取9个蝴蝶兰红花系品种按完全双列杂交进行自交与杂交,共获得5个自交组合与16个杂交组合.总结果率为9.3%,其中自交结果率为22.2%,杂交结果率为7.7%.各组合果荚生长曲线走势大致相同,授粉后7～9 d,子房开始膨大,约于 50 d 趋于平稳状态.平均果实采收时间、质量、长及宽分别为(103±4) d,(3.41±0.18) g、(5.50±0.43) cm及(9.37±0.54) mm.果质量、果长、果宽三者之间呈正线性相关.     

改良CTAB法提取益智基因组DNA

益智叶片中多酚和多糖等杂质的含量较高,为获得高质量的益智基因组DNA,试验在传统CTAB法的基础上加以改良,提取益智基因组DNA,并对所得DNA的质量和浓度进行了检测。结果表明,改良后的方法较之传统方法简单高效,所获得的基因组DNA质量较好,OD260/OD280在1.7~2.0之间,RNA消化彻底,DNA无明显降解,进行ISSR分析条带清晰,多态性好。适合于进行以PCR为基础的DNA多态性的研究。