环境胁迫和激素诱导甘蔗ACC合成酶基因家族三个成员的表达

ACC合成酶（ACS）是高等植物乙烯生物合成途径中的限速酶。在克隆到甘蔗ACC合成酶基因家族3个成员Sc-ACS1、Sc-ACS2和Sc-ACS3的基础上，分别以它们作为探针，检测了激素诱导和环境胁迫对甘蔗苗期该3成员表达的影响。结果表明，乙烯利诱导Sc-ACS1在叶中表达，在根中不表达；Sc-ACS2在根、叶中表达；Sc-ACS3主要在根部表达，在叶中不表达。在甘蔗叶片中，Sc-ACS1对冷胁迫、暗培养和LiCl胁迫均有应答，并受植物生长激素IAA诱导而表达；Sc-ACS2无论是在生长激素诱导还是环境胁迫下，其mRNA均维持较低水平。     

杂交稻野败胞质对稻瘟病菌、白叶枯病菌感病性的研究

选用3个水稻野败胞质不育系及相应的保持系,3个恢复系及它们相应的野败胞质代换系,这些不育系、保持系同恢复系配组的18个 F_1,分别在秧苗期接种属我国7个稻瘟病生理小种群的21个菌株;在成株期接种15个白叶枯病菌株。结果表明,野败胞质较之正常胞质表现对这两种病菌感病稍轻;这种差异在多数保持系的基因型背景下达到显著水准,     

施钾条件下杂交水稻氮磷养分吸收利用特点

对浙江省金华市郊区石门农场灌溉稻区进行连续4年定位钾肥试验,结果表明,钾素促进氮磷养分向水稻穗部的输入,故在增产的基础上,同不施钾处理比较,施钾后杂交稻氮的总吸收量增加7.1～9.3kg/hm2,利用效率提高3.7～7.1%;磷的总吸收量增加1.0～2.0kg/hm2,利用效率提高2.0～7.7%。同常规稻比较,每季杂交稻氮和磷的平均总吸收量分别高出7.6kg/hm2和1.2kg/hm2;氮和磷的利用效率平均高出3.1kg/kg和34.7kg/kg;在养分的吸收、积累以及利用效率方面表现出明显的生理优势[1]。因此,在杂交水稻的生产实践中,应相对增加钾肥的施入量,从而提高氮肥和磷肥的利用效率。     

A biologically-consistent stand growth model for loblolly pine in the Piedmont physiographic region, USA

A theory-influenced dynamical stand growth model formulation described well the behavior of thinned and unthinned loblolly pine plantations. A simplification containing few free parameters performed as well as a fully parametrized version. It seems particularly well suited to situations where available data is scarce. The stand model can be interfaced to additional climate, nutrition and carbon cycling modules for studying the effects of a changing environment.     

Collection and Characterization of Citrus indica Tanaka and C. macroptera Montr.: Wild Endangered Species of Northeastern India

Citrus indica and C. macroptera are the wild endangered species of Citrus occurring in northeastern India. Surveys were undertaken in this region for ascertaining distribution, studying variability and for collection of germplasm of these two species. C. indica, an endemic species of this region, was collected from the Citrus Gene Sanctuary located in buffer zone of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in the Garo hills of Meghalaya. In addition, a putative natural hybrid of C. indica and C. limon was collected for the first time from the south Garo hills. C. macroptera had much wider distribution and was collected from Mizoram and Meghalaya states. In Jantia hills of Meghalaya, natural populations of this species are in a highly threatened state. The two species were unevenly distributed all over the explored territory. Morphological characterization of leaves, fruits and seeds indicated the presence of sizable variability within collected accessions of these two Citrus species. Indigenous technical knowledge gathered on the use and socio-economic importance indicated commercial potential for these two species in northeastern India. However, lack of cultivation of these species and clearing of forest cover at an alarming rate has led to an urgent need to adopt complementary conservation strategies to safeguard these species and to ensure their availability for future utilization. A major emphasis on developing methods for their propagation, multiplication and regeneration in in situ and ex situ conditions is required.     

水稻田甲烷的减排方法研究

通过多年对稻田甲烷排放量的野外实验观测和对稻田甲烷产生与排放因子的研究，总结出减少稻田烷排放的主要方法，分析了各种减排方法的效果和经济效益，并利用层次分析法对各种减排方法做了综合的评价。现有的稻田甲减排方法主要有其它肥料代替传统的有机肥，种植低甲排放的水稻品种、灌水管理等。适用中国国情的方法主要有杂交稻替代常规稻，沼渣肥替代纯有要肥，沼渣肥替代有机肥的减排效果较好，社会效益和环境效益明显优于杂交稻     

杂交水稻品种创新质量管理研究

通过开展杂交水稻品种创新质量管理研究,对杂交水稻种质资源鉴定与创新,不育系、恢复系和保持系的选育与技术控制进行了总结,规范了杂交水稻亲本及组合选育程序的工作流程,最终形成了杂交水稻品种创新质量管理体系。     

高产双低油菜杂交种杂9522的选育

杂 952 2为油菜“三系”杂交种。其突出特点是优质、高产、抗寒、抗病 ;不育系不育率稳定在 98%以上 ,恢复系恢复力强 ,配合力高。在河南省优质杂交油菜区试中 ,表现突出。 3年平均产量 2 1 2 8.5kg/hm2 ,居参试杂交种首位 ,比优质对照种豫油 2号增产 1 8.5 % ,达极显著水平。该杂交种高抗病毒病、抗 (耐 )菌核病 ,抗寒性强。芥酸含量 0 .40 % ,硫甙含量 2 7.8μmol/g ,含油量高达 42 .1 6 %。     

杂交稻二化螟自然种群生命表

以常规稻作对照,研究了杂交稻二化螟自然种群生命表。结果表明:二化螟存活率和种群趋势指数因世代不同而异。同一世代,杂交稻二化螟世代存活率和种群趋势指数高于常规稻二化螟。杂交稻二化螟主要死亡虫期是蚁螟孵出至侵入期,其次是3、4龄期,影响种群变动的关键虫期是蚁螟孵出至侵入期。     

籼型三系杂稻品质性状的配合力及遗传力分析

以3个不育系川香29A(A1)、珍汕97A(A2)、Ⅱ-32A(A3)和8个新恢复系为亲本,按不完全双列杂交模式分析11个品质性状的配合力及遗传力。结果表明:(1)大多数性状的一般配合力(gca)和特殊配合力(sca)达显著或极显著水平,即受基因加性效应和非加性效应的共同控制,且以加性效应占主导地位(2)精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量3个性状,恢复系对gca方差的贡献比不育系的大,而不育系在粒长、粒宽、长宽比、糙米率、整精米率、垩白率、胶稠度等性状上对gca方差的贡献比恢复系的大。糊化温度这两性状,恢复系和不育系对gca方差的贡献相近。(3)广义遗传力(h2B)降序排序为:粒长、长宽比、垩白率、粒宽、糊化温度、胶稠度、整精米率、糙米率、直链淀粉含量、精米率、垩白度,变幅在93.36%～38.13%之间;狭义遗传力(h2N)降序排序为:粒长、长宽比、垩白率、糙米率、糊化温度、整精米率、垩白度、胶稠度、精米率、直链淀粉含量,变幅在82.3%～17.32%之间。大部分性状的(h2N)与(h2B)的趋势是一致的。(4)gca效应值在同一性状不同亲本间和同一亲本不同性状间均存在显著的差异,亲本中A1、R8、R7较为理想。