Contribution of cultivated crops,vegetables, weeds and ornamental plants in harboring of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci </Emphasis>(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and associated parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in cotton agroecosystem in Pakistan

The population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci and its parasitoids was studied on Gossypium hirsutum, Cucumis melo, Helianthus annus, Glycine max, Solanum melangena, Cucurbita pepo melopopo, Bauhinia pupurea, Morus alba, Albizzia lebbek, Lantana camara, Achyranthus aspera, and Convolvulus arvensis in cotton growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan during 2004 and 2005. Whitefly infested leaves having maximum number of second to third instar were collected and kept in glass petri dishes with lid on at 28 ± 2°C and 65 ± 3% RH. Mean population of whitefly adults that emerged per 200 cm² leaf area per sampling period recorded was maximum on G. hirsutum (43.2), followed by C. melo (31.5), L. camara (23.0), H. annus (20.5), G. max (19.3), C. pepo melopopo (18.1), S. melangena (16.9), A. aspera (11.2), C. arvensis (9.2), B. pupurea (5.4), M. alba (5.3) and A. lebbek (5.0). Percentage parasitism was higher on G. hirsutum (44.3%), followed by C. melo (38.9%), A. aspera (38.3%), L. camara (38.1%), A. lebbek (35.3%), G. max (33.5%), C. arvensis (33.0%), M. alba (31.1%), B. pupurea (27.0%), S. melangena (24.8%), C. pepo melopopo (16.1%) and H. annus (15.2%). Overall the population of whitefly remained low during winter (November–February) and high during summer (May–August) whereas, the percentage parasitism was higher during June–September and lower during December–February. The study revealed that the availability of parasitoids could be enhanced by planting L. camara, B. pupurea, A. lebbek and M. alba in the cotton growing area.     

桑天牛长尾啮小蜂产卵及寄主识别行为的观察与研究

桑天牛长尾啮小蜂(Aprostocetus fukutai)是桑天牛(Apriona germari)卵期寄生蜂,研究其寄生机制对桑天牛的生物防治有重要意义。该寄生蜂的产卵行为主要包括桑天牛刻槽的定向搜寻、刻槽表面的检验、寄主卵检验、产卵寄生、标记等,其中刻槽表面检验的时间较长。选择试验显示,正常刻槽产卵桑枝对寄生蜂的引诱作用明显高于正常桑枝和取食桑枝。在刻槽未产卵桑枝、刻槽产卵未涂抹分泌物桑枝和正常刻槽产卵桑枝中,正常刻槽产卵桑枝对寄生蜂的引诱作用最强,并且刻槽检验时间、寄主卵检验率和寄生率等都显著高于前两个处理。已寄生刻槽对长尾啮小蜂的引诱作用明显低于未寄生刻槽。     

葱蝇对寄主植物的选择性研究

采用田间罩笼和盆栽试验的方法研究了葱蝇成虫对4种寄主植物的产卵选择,采用室内培养的方法研究了幼虫对寄主植物的取食选择。结果表明：在4种寄主植物中,田间罩笼试验以洋葱上葱蝇的发生数量最多,其次为大蒜和大葱,韭菜上数量最少|盆栽试验中,葱蝇成虫对4种寄主植物的产卵选择与田间罩笼试验结果一致,均以在洋葱上落卵量最多,韭菜上落卵量最少|葱蝇1龄和3龄幼虫对寄主植物的取食选择,均以选择洋葱的幼虫最多,大葱的次之,韭菜和大蒜上的较少。表明葱蝇成虫的产卵选择是决定葱蝇幼虫在不同寄主植物上发生程度差异的重要因素,诱杀成虫是葱蝇防治的重要措施之一。     

不同寄主植物对舞毒蛾幼虫发育和中肠总蛋白酶的影响

以加杨(Populus canadensis)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)、兴安落叶松(Larix gmelini)和家榆(Ulmus pumi-酶活性及寄主的蛋白质量分数无相关性,取食加杨的舞毒蛾幼虫发育最快,虫体最重,旱柳次之;取食兴安落叶松和家榆的幼虫在3龄以后发育历期延长,虫体质量较轻。幼虫中肠总蛋白酶活性在3龄期因取食不同寄主存在明显差异,4龄后酶活性显著降低,不同寄主间的差异减少。la)饲养舞毒蛾幼虫,研究了不同寄主植物的蛋白营养差异性对幼虫生长发育和中肠总蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明:4种寄主植物可溶性蛋白质量分数由高到低为旱柳、兴安落叶松、加杨和家榆。幼虫生长发育与中肠总蛋白     

Defoliation by the Needle-shortening Pine Gall Midge,Thecodiplosis brachyntera,on Pines in Central Sweden

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.     

From parasite genomes to one healthy world: Are we having fun yet?

In 1990, the Human Genome Sequencing Project was established. This laid the ground work for an explosion of sequence data that has since followed. As a result of this effort, the first complete genome of an animal, Caenorhabditis elegans was published in 1998. The sequence of Drosophila melanogaster was made available in March, 2000 and in the following year, working drafts of the human genome were generated with the completed sequence (92%) being released in 2003. Recent advancements and next-generation technologies have made sequencing common place and have infiltrated every aspect of biological research, including parasitology. To date, sequencing of 32 apicomplexa and 24 nematode genomes are either in progress or near completion, and over 600k nematode EST and 200k apicomplexa EST submissions fill the databases. However, the winds have shifted and efforts are now refocusing on how best to store, mine and apply these data to problem solving. Herein we tend not to summarize existing X-omics datasets or present new technological advances that promise future benefits. Rather, the information to follow condenses up-to-date-applications of existing technologies to problem solving as it relates to parasite research. Advancements in non-parasite systems are also presented with the proviso that applications to parasite research are in the making.     

世界大小蠹研究

通过对大小蠹属重要种的发生、为害的介绍和所有种形态、分布的总结,明确了D.rhizophagus的分类地位,列出大小蠹属19个种的检索表,供研究使用,以加强检验检疫,维护我国农林业生产和生态安全。     

Host Link在燃气炉自动控制系统上的应用

文章介绍基于高速调温烧嘴燃气加热炉的全自动计算机智能控制系统的方案,实现自动点火、自动监测火焰、脉动式燃烧、自动控温、熄火报警保护、数据的显示与记录等功能。并采用CPM1AH的Host Link通信功能及智能PID控制技术,合理优化控制,使燃气在炉内能充分燃烧,既节省能源,又减少了大气的污染、保护了环境。     

绿额翠尺蛾对寄主的产卵选择性

通过田间调查和室内试验测定了绿额翠尺蛾（Thalassodes. proquadraria Inouce）的产卵选择性。结果表明：绿额翠尺蛾在荔枝树的四周嫩叶上均能产卵，在东、南、西、北4个方位上产卵量显著高于中位的产卵量；绿额翠尺蛾的卵散产，通常一片叶只有一粒卵；卵主要产在荔枝嫩叶长度为7～36 mm的叶尖上，其中长度为12～21 mm叶上的产卵量最多；雌成虫对不同寄主植物有很强的选择性，在荔枝、龙眼、芒果和莲雾4种寄主植物上，荔枝上的卵量显著多于其余3种寄主植物；绿额翠尺蛾雌成虫产卵对荔枝品种也有很强的选择性，在妃子笑、三月红、无籽、风霜、丁香5个荔枝品种上，最喜产卵于妃子笑和丁香上，而在三月红和风霜上的卵量很少。研究结果可为该虫进一步的监测和防控提供理论基础。     

微孢子虫蛋白质及其与宿主互作的研究进展

微孢子虫(protozoan:microsporidia)是一类细胞内专性寄生的单细胞真核生物,可广泛寄生于几乎所有的动物。早期对微孢子虫的研究主要集中在对其种类的分离鉴定方面,随着大规模基因组测序的不断深入,极大地推动了微孢子虫的研究,尤其是微孢子虫具有独特的进化地位以及基因组、细胞器和物质能量代谢途径等简化进化的特点,使其成为当前研究的热点。综述了该领域近10年来在微孢子虫总蛋白组成成分分析、极丝蛋白和孢壁蛋白的分离鉴定,以及孢壁蛋白与宿主的相互作用等方面的研究进展,并简要概述了该领域研究存在的问题及后续研究课题。