海南4个地区暹罗炭疽菌群体遗传结构分析

对分离自海南4个地区13种寄主植物上暹罗炭疽菌的ITS-CAL-GAPDH 3基因序列进行群体遗传结构分析。95条暹罗炭疽菌多基因序列可定义为16个单倍型,其中,单倍型H5为主要单倍型,分布于所有寄主植物。AMOVA分析显示,遗传变异主要发生在种群内;病菌未经历过大规模的种群扩张过程。研究结果表明,暹罗炭疽菌种群具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

漆酶基因异源表达及其酶活性的研究进展

近年来由于漆酶在生物漂白和农作物秸秆利用等方面具有广阔的应用前景,对漆酶的研究越来越受到国内外学者的重视。然而,自然界漆酶的产量和酶活较低,难以适应工业化生产需求。此外,漆酶的产酶效率低,成本高。实现漆酶的异源高效表达是解决这一问题的有效途径。目前,国内外已有多种来源的漆酶基因被成功克隆,并在不同的宿主细胞中实现异源表达,但迄今为止漆酶基因异源表达结果仍然不理想,离真正实现漆酶的高效表达还有一定距离。     

The N-acetyltransferase gene-implicated iron acquisition contributes to host specificity of Pseudomonas cichorii strain SPC9018 and its virulence

A pathogenicity island within the genome of a multi-host plant bacterium, Pseudomonas cichorii strain SPC9018, comprises the hrp genes encoding a type III secretion system and the pat gene encoding an N-acetyltransferase proposed to play a role in virulence. However, the function of the N-acetyltransferase remains poorly characterized. Interestingly, limiting the iron condition using a phytosiderophore, mugineic acid, resulted in reduced virulence of strain SPC9018 on respective host plants, including eggplant, similar to the reduced virulence observed with a pat gene-deletion mutant. Spectroscopic analyses showed that the pat deletion reduced the concentration of pyoverdine, which is the main siderophore produced by strain SPC9018, leading to a reduction in pyoverdine-mediated iron acquisition. Furthermore, the pat gene deletion mutant showed enhanced expression of the fecA, pvdL, and pvdR genes, whose expression is induced under deficient siderophore-mediated iron uptake. The pat-deletion mutant showed a hyper-swarming phenotype, and the addition of iron decreased this swarming motility. The pat deletion also reduced the adhesion ability of the bacteria, similar to the effect of iron-limited conditions. Furthermore, deletion of the pat gene enhanced expression of the hrp genes. These findings suggested that the pat gene encoding the N-acetyltransferase may be implicated in iron acquisition, contributing to host specificity of P. cichorii strain SPC9018 and its virulence.     

Differential abundance of proteins in response to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus during compatible and incompatible interactions in sugar beet containing Rz1 or Rz2

Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is an important disease affecting sugar beet. Control is achieved through planting of resistant varieties; however, following the introduction of Rz1, new pathotypes that overcome resistance have appeared. To understand how BNYVV overcomes resistance, we examined quantitative protein differences during compatible and incompatible interactions when sugar beet is infected with either a traditional A-type strain or with an Rz1 resistance breaking strain. Proteomic data suggest distinct biochemical pathways are induced during compatible and incompatible sugar beet interactions with BNYVV. Pathways including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, UB/proteasome, and photosynthesis should be studied in more depth to characterize roles in symptom development.     

Origin of Clostridium perfringens isolates determines the ability to induce necrotic enteritis in broilers

Since the ban on growth-promoting antibiotics in animal feed in the European Union, necrotic enteritis has become a major cause of mortality in broiler chickens. Despite the importance of the disease, the pathogenesis is still not completely understood. In the current study, Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from healthy flocks and isolates from outbreaks of necrotic enteritis were evaluated for the ability to cause gut necrosis in an intestinal loop model in laying hens and in an experimental infection model in broilers. High, intermediate and low alpha toxin producing strains were chosen from each isolation source. Only the isolates from field outbreaks induced necrotic gut lesions, independent of the amount of alpha toxin produced in vitro. It was also shown that alpha toxin producing isolates from calf hemorrhagic enteritis cases were not able to induce necrotic enteritis in poultry. These results suggest the presence of host specific virulence factors in C. perfringens strains, isolated from chickens with intestinal necrotic enteritis lesions.     

Colonisation of native and exotic conifers by indigenous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in France

Planting exotic conifers offers indigenous forest insects an opportunity to extend their host range and eventually to become significant pests. Knowing the ecological and evolutionary modalities driving the colonisation of exotic tree species by indigenous insects is thus of primary importance. We compared the bark beetle communities (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) associated with both native and introduced conifers in France. The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of both host- and insect-related factors on the beetles’ likelihood to shift onto new hosts. We considered the influence of host origin (i.e. native vs. exotic), host tree species identity, tree bark thickness and tree taxonomic proximity, as well as insects’ host specificity. A field inventory using trap trees was carried out in two regions in France (Limousin and Jura) during two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) on three European native conifer species [Norway spruce (Picea abies); Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European Silver-fir (Abies alba)] and five North American [Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis); Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus); Grand fir (Abies grandis); Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)]. A total of 18 indigenous and 2 exotic bark beetle species were collected. All exotic conifer species were colonised by indigenous bark beetle species and no significant difference was observed of the cumulated species richness of the latter between native and exotic tree species (13 vs. 14, P < 0.05). The ability of indigenous bark beetles to shift onto exotic conifers appeared to strongly depend on host species (significantly structuring bark beetle assemblages), the presence of phylogenetically related native conifer species and that of similar resources, in combination with insect host specificity. Host tree species status (native or exotic) also seemed to be involved, but its effect did not seem as essential as that of the previous factors. These findings are discussed in terms of adaptation, plasticity and practical aspects of forest management.     

鱼鳞云杉干部挥发性成分与云杉大黑天牛危害的关系研究

收集鱼鳞云杉健康木和被害木干部挥发性物质,利用GC-MS方法对挥发性物质进行定性和定量分析,比较两者之间挥发性物质种类和含量的差异,分析鱼鳞云杉干部挥发性成分与云杉大黑天牛寄主选择的关系。结果表明:健康鱼鳞云杉干部挥发性物质共42种成分,其中相对质量分数最大的是神圣亚麻三烯(16.04%),其次是α-葑烯(14.24%);被害鱼鳞云杉干部挥发性物质共43种,其中相对质量分数最大的成分是β-蒎烯(18.07%),其次是α-蒎烯(12.39%)。在健康木和被害木的挥发性成分中,烯萜类化合物均占70%以上。鱼鳞云杉树势由健康向衰弱转变时,主要烯萜类化合物含量发生变化,3-蒈烯、异柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、4-蒈烯、α-蒎烯等含量显著上升,而神圣亚麻三烯、α-葑烯、β-月桂烯、β-水芹烯等含量下降,这些烯萜类化合物的变化,为云杉大黑天牛定位选择适宜寄生的鱼鳞云杉提供了依据。     

南方根结线虫对不同寄主植物侵染能力的比较

[目的]筛选南方根结线虫的易感寄主。[方法]通过接种试验比较了南方根结线虫对5种寄主植物（黄瓜、番茄、茄子、菠菜及辣椒）的侵染能力。[结果]南方根结线虫对不同寄主植物的侵染能力存在显著差异。黄瓜和番茄的根结百分率显著高于菠菜、茄子和辣椒,黄瓜和番茄根际土壤中2龄幼虫数、雌成虫数及卵块数都显著高于菠菜、茄子和辣椒。[结论]南方根结线虫对黄瓜和番茄的侵染能力显著强于菠菜、茄子和辣椒,为南方根结线虫的易感寄主植物。     

柞蚕新的捕食性天敌——凹翅宽颚步甲

记述了凹翅宽颚歩甲（Parena cavipennis Bates）的形态特征、生活史、生活习性、对柞蚕的危害及其捕食害虫种类等相关的基础信息。     

西花蓟马对寄主植物的危害及其影响机理研究进展

总结了西花蓟马对寄主植物形态和生理特征的危害,以及作为媒介传毒的为害影响,剖析了西花蓟马对寄主植物为害影响的途径和内在机理,旨在明确西花蓟马与不同寄主植物之间的内在关系,为预防和控制西花蓟马的传播扩散提供依据。