干湿交替对新疆绿洲农田土壤CO2排放的影响

[目的]分析不同土壤水分变化及干湿交替对土壤CO_2排放的影响,为绿洲农田土壤碳循环提供科学依据。[方法]选取新疆绿洲棉田土壤,通过室内控制模拟试验,以及用气相色谱仪分析CO_2浓度。[结果](1)与60%WFPS(土壤充水孔隙度)相比,40%WFPS对土壤CO_2排放起到了显著的抑制作用(p0.05),而80%WFPS对土壤CO_2排放无显著性影响(p0.05)。培养结束时,与60%WFPS的土壤CO_2累积排放量相比,40%WFPS的土壤CO_2累积排放量降低26%(p0.05),而80%WFPS的土壤CO_2累积排放量仅增加0.04%(p0.05)。(2)多次干湿交替循环后,干湿交替处理下的土壤CO_2累积排放量显著低于恒湿处理。在不同干旱强度处理中,重度干旱(SD)处理对土壤CO_2排放速率响应程度大于适度干旱(MD)处理,但多次干湿交替循环后,SD处理下的土壤CO_2累积排放量却显著小于MD处理。随干湿交替循环次数的增加,干湿交替对土壤CO_2排放速率的影响显著降低,特别是对土壤CO_2排放速率最高值的影响最大。[结论]在新疆绿洲棉田土壤中,干湿交替能降低土壤CO_2排放量,降低量随干旱强度的增大而增大。     

5种细胞质雄性不育小麦败育的生物学特性及育性恢复

为了解不同类型异质雄性不育小麦的易恢性差异和不同恢复系的恢复力差异,采用特异性分子标记及醇溶蛋白的A-PAGE检测方法对5种类型同核异质不育系（K706A、Va706A、Ju706A、C6706A、U706A,分别为K、Va、Ju、C6和U型）、保持系（706B）及恢复系（6521-2、LK783、1321、223原-9、9023晚、X 197、宿7078、宿968、中国春、WM5-5）进行1B/1R类型鉴定,同时对不同杂交组合F₁（不育系/恢复系）的自交结实率进行异地（杨凌和三原）分析。结果表明,Va706A、Ju706A、C6706A、U706A、706B为 1BL/1RS易位纯合体,宿968、宿7078、LK783 、1321、6521-2、WM5-5、X197、223原-9为非1BL/1RS易位材料,K706A、9023晚为1BL/1RS易位杂合体。5种细胞质雄性不育系中,K型的易恢性最好,Ju型和U型居中,C6型恢复能力最差。10个恢复系中,LK783和中国春在三原和杨凌恢复度均较高,宿968的恢复能力最弱,但LK783的变异幅度较大,中国春的变异幅度较小,说明中国春恢复能力好且稳定。此外,不育系与恢复系间存在明显的互作关系。     

Hydatidosis of slaughtered cattle in Wolaita Sodo Abattoir,southern Ethiopia

The study was carried out from July 2007 to June 2008 in Wolaita Sodo Abattoir to assess the status of hydatidosis in cattle. Routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization were conducted. Out of 400 cattle slaughtered in Wolaita Sodo Abattoir 64 (16%) animals were found harboring hydatid cysts. Thorough meat inspection in the abattoir revealed that 74 visceral organ were found harboring one or more hydatid cysts. The infection of the lung, liver, spleen and kidney were found to be 45.94% 45.94%, 6.75% and 1.35% respectively. From the total of 283 hydatid cysts counted 153(54.06%), 17(6.00%), 5(1.76%), 108(38.16%) were found to be small, medium, large and calcified cysts respectively and 170(60.28%), 5(1.76%) and 108(38.16%) were sterile, fertile and calcified cysts respectively. The rate of cyst calcification was higher in the liver than in the lung while fertility rate was higher among the cysts of the lung. Hydatid cyst viability rate of 40% was observed.     

Impact of rank position on fertility of sows

The investigations were carried out with 484 sows from two farms (farm A: housing the sows in small groups of 8 animals each, farm B with a large group of 100 sows) and a total number of 982 inseminations. The number of agonistic interactions was registered for each sow during 48 h after mixing soon after weaning the piglets at farm A. The individual rank place in the social hierarchy was calculated on the basis of wins and defeats and the sows were divided in high and low ranking sows. At farm B the rank position was estimated on the basis of the daily feeding order at two electronic feeding stations (first half of the sows in the feeding order = high ranking, second half = low ranking). Additionally, the following parameters were recorded for each sow: parity, genotype, farrowing rate and litter size (total and alive born piglets). The analysis showed that sows with a high rank position had a significantly higher farrowing rate (88.8%) compared to group-mates with low rank places (82.8%, p = 0.051) (farm A). Sows with a high rank position reached a significantly higher litter size of total born piglets (12.66, 16.14 piglets per litter respectively) than the low-ranking group-mates (12.13, 14.83 piglets/litter respectively — farms A and B). When mixing sows, the time and the conditions (e.g. group size, space allowance per sow) have to be considered to prevent the negative influence of low rank order on fertility.     

发酵菌剂对烟用饼肥降解及肥效的影响

探讨3种菌剂（＂爱田1号菌剂＂、＂神采肥料活性剂＂、＂BM烟草增香剂＂）对烟用饼肥腐熟度、氮损失率及蛋白氮降解率的影响,利用＂好气培养间歇淋洗法＂及幼苗盆栽试验考察相应饼肥短期内（35 d）在土壤中的有机氮矿化率和肥效。结果表明：不同菌剂处理对饼肥腐熟度及蛋白氮降解率存在显著影响,添加＂爱田1号菌剂＂或＂BM烟草增香剂＂有利于提高饼肥腐熟度及蛋白氮降解率;与饼粕原料相比较,经腐解制得的饼肥短期内（35 d）在土壤中的有机氮矿化能力和肥效明显提高,但添加＂神采肥料活性剂＂制得饼肥的有机氮矿化率和肥效相对较低。在堆制烟用饼肥的过程中适当添加＂爱田1号菌剂＂或＂BM烟草增香剂＂,烟田施用后有利于有机氮的快速释放,减少烟株生长后期由于土壤奢量供氮而影响烟叶适时落黄成熟的风险。     

Effect of silvicultural treatments on growth,fertility and capsule traits in seedling seed orchards of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. tereticornis</Emphasis>

The effects of nutritional treatments and the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol™ on tree growth and fertility were studied in unpedigreed seedling seed orchards (SSOs) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at two locations in southern India. At Pudukkottai, a semi-arid site in Tamil Nadu State, five treatments were applied: (1) untreated control, (2) nitrogen (two doses of urea at 217 g N/tree), (3) nitrogen plus phosphorus (two doses of 312 g single superphosphate), potassium (two doses of 83 g muriate of potash) and trace elements (two doses of 10 g sodium borate and 25 g zinc sulphate), (4) pollarding trees at 4 m height with application of N, P, K and trace elements, (5) drenching with the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol (0.25 ml active ingredient per cm of stem girth) along with N, P, K and trace elements. At Panampalli, a higher-rainfall site in Kerala State, only treatments 1, 2 and 3 were applied. Four replicates of treatment plots sized 18 m × 18 m, with 22–32 trees per plot were set up in each orchard in randomized complete block designs. Untreated plots of E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at Pudukkottai displayed 12 and 21% fertile trees, respectively, in the first year of monitoring, while at Panampally the percentage of fertile trees in untreated E. camaldulensis plots was higher at 72%, and that of E. tereticornis similar at 23%. Both species attained greater stem diameter at breast height at age 9 years at the higher-rainfall location but there was no significant impact of fertilizer application on 9-year diameter at either site. Diameter was reduced by pollarding and Paclobutrazol application at Pudukkottai. Only Paclobutrazol produced a significant increase in fertility in both species for four successive years, increasing the percentage of fertile trees to 59 and 71%, respectively, for E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis 1 year after application. The number of capsules produced per tree also increased significantly with Paclobutrazol application, although the difference was comparatively less by the fourth year. The number of capsules per umbel did not differ significantly between locations, whereas the germination rate varied between treatments although no consistent trends were observed.     

黄河故道沙地不同间作模式林粮产量的比较

通过对山东省黄河故道冲积沙地间作花生、大豆、地瓜3种林粮间作模式的林分杨树胸径生长量、蓄积量、林地木材产量、间作作物产量及其经济效益的对比分析,结果表明:3种间作模式下,杨树胸径的连年生长量、单株蓄积量、林地蓄积量、木材产量均表现为间作花生>间作大豆>间作地瓜。间作花生、间作大豆、间作地瓜模式第10年的胸径累积生长量分别为39.96,37.89和34.03 cm,木材总产量为700.50、664.13和584.40 m3.hm-2。间作作物产量以第2年最高,第3年最低,3 a后不宜间作。不同林粮间作模式,以花生的木材产量最高,经济效益最大,大豆次之,地瓜最差,因此应选取豆科植物作为间作作物。     

江苏省小麦品种资源农艺性状演变规律研究

以江苏省1950～2006年间种植过的312个品种作为研究对象,分析江苏省小麦主要农艺性状的演变规律.2a的研究结果表明,小麦种子产量随年代呈线性增加.根据回归方程计算,产量从1952年的765 kg/hm2增加到2006年的4 714 kg/hm2,56 a来增加3 3 494 kg/hm2,平均每年增加73 kg/hm2.随着产量的增加,株高显著降低;千粒重显著增加,且在35～52 g的范围内波动;蛋白质含量和赖氨酸含量显著上升;湿面筋含量变化不显著;生育期有所提前,中早、中熟品种逐渐占据主导地位;春冬性有所加强,形成了淮南麦区以春性、偏春性品种占主导地位和淮北麦区以弱冬性品种占主导地位的格局.     

东北黑土区耕地地力评价因素探讨

耕地是农业生产最基本的资源,耕地地力的好坏直接影响到农业生产的发展,耕地地力的变化对粮食生产和生产力等具有重要的影响。黑土是东北地区重要的土壤资源,黑土耕地面积占东北区总耕地面积的18．08％,常年粮食总产量占全区粮食总产量的28．1％,占全国粮食总产量的7．8％,具有十分重要的地位。但是掠夺式的经营导致黑土不断退化。黑土区开展耕地地力评价将为黑土区耕地退化治理和耕地的可持续利用与管理提供决策依据。     

茌平县土壤养分现状分析与培肥措施

本文主要分析了茌平县的土壤养分现状,并在此基础上提出了全县开展平衡施肥的指导思想及施肥对策。