长江中游水稻土潜育作用的特点

The gleyization of representative paddy soils in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was characterized, taking oxidation-reduction potential(Eh), the amount of active reducing substances and the forms of iron and manganese as the parameters. The Eh value was linearly related with the logarithm of the amount of active reducing substances, which was contributed by ferrous iron by 83% on an average. The degree of gleyization of different horizons was graded as ungleyed, slightly gleyed, mildly gleyed and gleyed. The Eh of the four grades was > 500, 300-500, 100-300 and < 100 mV, respectively, and the corresponding amount of active reducing substances was < 1, 1-7, 7-30 and > 30 mmol_c kg^-1, respectively. The amount of ferrous iron of the four grades was < 0.5, 0.5-5, 5-25 and > 25 mmol kg^-1, respectively. The extent of gleyization of a soil was classified as upper-gleyed, middle-gleyed and lower-gleyed, depending on whether the depth of the gley horizon was less than 30 cm, 30-60 cm or more than 60 cm.     

Evolution of humic substances from unripe compost during incubation with lignolytic or cellulolytic microorganisms and effects on the lettuce growth promotion mediated byAzotobacter chroococcum

Some recalcitrant organic wastes, which contain a large proportion of lignin or cellulose, are not changed much by composting, and thus the effectiveness of the compost as fertilizer is usua.lly low. In this study, incubation of unripe compost with ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms —Trichoderma viride orBacillus spp. — was investigated to increase the degree of humification of the organic matter present, and improve ils quality as a soil amendment. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses together with humification indices and electrofocusing patterns were used to monitor the evolution of the humic substances during the incubation process. Plant growth effects exerted by Azotobacter chroococcum on lettuce plants growing on the previously incubated compost were affected by the length of incubation and by changes in the composition of humic substances. Higher organic matter content and better humification seem to be important factors for predictingA. chroococcum hebaviour in the rhizosphere.     

外源ABA对小麦叶片中ABA含量的影响

对晋麦47进行外源ABA的处理,用酶联免疫固相抗原吸附法测定ABA的含量,研究了外源ABA对内源ABA含量的影响.结果表明,经过外源ABA处理的小麦较未处理的小麦叶片内的ABA含量明显增加.在同样环境下未处理的对照组叶片ABA含量为0.301 μg/g;经过处理的小麦叶片ABA含量为3.46 μg/g,内源ABA含量增加了3.16 μg/g,说明增加外源ABA可以大幅度提高小麦内源ABA的含量.     

大豆内源激素对体内生理代谢调控的研究现状

从大豆内源激素对花芽(序)发育、花荚脱落、子粒蛋白质积累、抗性生理、胚性愈伤组织诱导及外源激素对内源激素的影响等方面探讨了大豆激素与生理代谢的关系。     

外源激素对长距石斛种子的发芽及原球茎增殖的影响

探讨适合长距石斛组织培养和快速繁殖的最佳途径。用不同激素诱导长距石斛种子形成原球茎,接入添加不同浓度激素比例的培养基中进行组织培养,研究长距石斛组织培养和快速繁殖的最佳途径。不同种类和不同浓度的激素对长距石斛原球茎分化成芽有明显影响。随2,4-D浓度的增加,长距石斛原球茎分化率增大。NAA比2,4-D更有利于长距石斛原球茎的分化。添加适合浓度6-BA有利于长距石斛苗的形成。在激素组合试验中,NAA和6-BA浓度均为1 mg/L时,发芽率达85%,叶片数多达5片。当6-BA和NAA浓度分别为2.00~3.00 mg/L和0.25~0.50 mg/L时,长距石斛原球茎的外观形态更适合于增殖。MS+2.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.50 mg/L NAA的增殖率最高。MS培养基单独添加6-BA时长距石斛种子的萌发效果较好。     

外源脯氨酸对盐胁迫下大豆愈伤组织蛋白质含量的影响

大豆小真叶愈伤组织分别在NaCl浓度为 0 % (CK)、 0 4 %、 0 8%、 1 2 %、 1 6 %及在各盐浓度中加脯氨酸(0 8mmol/L)的培养基中分别进行 2 4、 4 8、 72h培养 ,测定其可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明 ,愈伤组织在0 4 %、 0 8%、 1 2 %的不同盐浓度培养条件下 ,蛋白质含量都比对照增高 ,并有随培养时间延长而增加的趋势。外源脯氨酸可提高盐胁迫下大豆愈伤组织的蛋白质含量 ,盐浓度 0 4 %培养 2 4h最明显 ,盐浓度增至 0 8%和 1 2 % ,产生此作用的培养时间相应延长 ,效果相应减弱。     

盐胁迫下嫁接黄瓜幼苗有机渗透调节物质含量及膜脂过氧化水平研究

以云南黑籽南瓜为砧木,以津绿4号黄瓜品种为接穗,进行黄瓜嫁接,研究了NaCl胁迫下嫁接黄瓜及自根黄瓜幼苗有机渗透调节物质的含量及膜脂过氧化水平.结果表明:在NaCl胁迫下,不同处理游离Pro和可溶性糖含量均有增加,嫁接苗与砧木接近,均明显高于自根苗;各处理的O2-产生速率及MDA含量随NaCl胁迫浓度的增大而上升,但嫁接苗和砧木的增加幅度较小,均低于自根黄瓜苗.结合盐胁迫条件下种子发芽试验,可认为嫁接黄瓜幼苗的耐盐性强于自根黄瓜幼苗.嫁接苗的耐盐性取决于砧木黑籽南瓜.     

植物内生真菌次生代谢产物的多样性及潜在应用价值

近些年来,植物内生真菌由于能够产生丰富多样的具有多种生物活性的次生代谢产物,在自然界中具有重要的生态学作用,受到了全世界的广泛关注并取得了极大进展。本文主要从生物活性角度综述了植物内生真菌次生代谢产物的主要类型,包括植物生长调节(赤霉素等)、杀虫(黑麦草碱)、抑菌(环已烷类等)、抗肿瘤活性物质(紫杉醇等),侧重介绍了一些产活性物质的植物(如红豆杉、长春花、雷公藤、苦皮藤等)内生真菌,并就植物内生真菌次生代谢产物生成的机理"内生共生理论"进行了分析。最后,还对他们在新医药和新农药等药物开发应用中的潜在价值作了探讨。     

外源Ca2+对盐胁迫下甜瓜植株的缓解效应

采用单因素随机区组设计,用不同浓度的CaC12对盐胁迫下温室砂培甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)植株进行处理,并对其在伸蔓期和开花坐果期的生理生化指标进行测定.结果表明,一定浓度的外源Ca2+可以起到明显的缓解作用,其中5 mmol/L的CaCl2处理可以显著提高甜瓜植株在伸蔓期的根系活力和开花坐果期的叶面积、叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量;10 mmol/L的CaCl2处理可以显著提高伸蔓期甜瓜植株干、鲜重和植株根系活力,在开花坐果期可以显著抑制MDA合成、可溶性蛋白的分解和降低细胞膜相对透性.综合评价认为5～10 mmol/L的CaCl2可以有效缓解盐胁迫对甜瓜生长的抑制作用.     

光叶石楠组培快速繁殖

以光叶石楠Photinia glabra当年生枝的茎段为材料,进行植物生长调节物质对光叶石楠腋芽诱导、增殖、分化、生长及生根的对比试验.结果表明:MS 0.5 mg·L-1BA 1.0 mg·L-1KT 0.1 mg·L-1NAA为腋芽诱导的最适培养基,腋芽诱导率达93.3%;MS 1.0 mg·L-1BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA为芽增殖最适培养基.1/2 MS 0.1 mg·L-1IBA和1/2 MS 0.1 mg·L-1NAA为光叶石楠试管苗生根较为合适的培养基,生根率分别为83.3%和93.0%,试管苗移栽成活率达90%以上.表3参5