哈东路立交桥方案比选

哈东路立交桥是哈尔滨三环路快速路与哈东路立交,其功能及地理位置十分重要。为使该立交交通功能强及经济合理,从交通量分析、立交设计构思等方面提出3个方案,经技术经济综合比较后,提出推荐方案。     

Nitrification and denitrification in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages in western Sichuan, China

Nitrification is the biological conversion of organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds from a reduced to a more oxidized state. Denitrification is generally referred to as the microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and further gaseous forms of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen. They are functionally interconnected processes in the soil nitrogen cycle that are involved in the control of long-term nitrogen losses in ecosystems through nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses. In order to better understand how nitrification and denitrification change during the process of ecosystem restoration and how they are affected by various controlling factors, gross nitrification rates and denitrification rates were determined using the barometric process separation (BaPS) technique in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages. The results showed that forest restoration stage had no significant effects on gross nitrification rates or denitrification rates (One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the temperature coefficient (Q ₁₀) for gross nitrification rate among all the forest sites (One-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Gross nitrification rates were positively correlated with water content (p < 0.05), but not with soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, or C/N ratios. Denitrification rates in all the forest soils were low and not closely correlated with water content, soil pH, organic matter, or total nitrogen. Nevertheless, we found that C/N ratios obviously affected denitrification rates (p < 0.05). Results from this research suggest that gross nitrification is more responsible for the nitrogen loss from soils compared with denitrification. Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 90–96 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

木聚糖酶解反应与膜分离技术研究

过程耦合是应用技术领域研究的热点之一 ,膜及膜分离技术的开发促进了过程耦合技术的发展。如膜超滤、膜萃取、膜蒸馏、渗透蒸发。在超滤膜反应器中木聚糖酶解制备低聚木糖的条件 :酶体积用量1 0 % ,木聚糖质量浓度 3 0 .0 g/L ,稀释率 1h-1,pH值 5 .0 ,反应温度 48℃ ,酶解时间 1 3 5min。在该条件下 ,低聚木糖得率、木糖得率、低聚木糖生产能力及低聚木糖与总糖之比分别为 2 8.5 % ,4.1 % ,3 .80g/ (L·h)和0 .87,并比较了分批加料、浓缩酶、常规反应器中酶解反应效果 ,浓缩木聚糖酶酶解结果表明 :木糖得率很低(0 .2 % ) ,低聚木糖得率为 3 5 .9%。     

小区庭院道路照明设计

本文介绍了小区道路照明设计特点，并就设计中遇到的照明控制问题进行了探讨。     

TRIZ辅助马铃薯收获机薯土分离输送装置创新设计

针对马铃薯收获机薯土分离输送装置存在薯土分离不充分、伤薯率高等问题,应用TRIZ理论对薯土分离输送装置进行创新设计;基于系统功能分析识别薯土分离输送装置的功能缺陷,应用物场模型、技术矛盾、物理矛盾等TRIZ工具求解创新方案,设计一种具有双抖动单元和降运抖动筛面的薯土分离输送装置。基于输送筛面上薯土秧混合物的力学分析,确定筛面倾角范围为β≤32°;结合理论分析和生产实际确定一阶升运筛面倾角为20°、二阶升运筛面倾角为16°、降运抖动筛面倾角10°、抖动单元振幅为21 mm、分离筛杆条间距为50 mm、各阶筛面输送有效长度分别为450 mm、600 mm、1 000 mm 和100 mm。通过升运分离筛和降运分离筛抖动筛面的运动学分析对比,验证创新方案的合理性。     

旋转式多比例分样方法对作物籽粒分样效果的研究

为验证旋转式多比例分样方法的可行性,探究旋转式多比例分样方法对作物籽粒的分样效果,以谷子、绿豆、大豆和玉米籽粒材料制备成混合样品,在不同转速(0~30.0 r/min)处理和不同进样时间(60、90、120 s)内比较旋转式多比例分样方法获得1/2、1/4、1/8和1/16子样的代表性和缩分比误差。结果表明,在转速0~30.0 r/min和进样时间60~120 s的情况下,旋转式多比例分样方法获得子样的分样误差和均无显著差异,且均不高于四分法(CK)。但是,除不旋转(0 r/min)处理的1/8四盒和1/16单盒及30 r/min处理的1/16单盒子样的缩分比误差显著高于对照外,旋转处理(转速≥7.5 r/min)的单盒、双盒或四盒子样的缩分比误差不高于四分法对照。因此,在进行样品前处理的分样工作中应用旋转式多比例分样方法是可行的,应设置转速≥7.5 r/min,取相对2个扇盒或十字相对4个扇盒形成的子样。     

马铃薯清选机气力悬浮薯石分离装置设计与试验

针对以联合收获为主的北方马铃薯主产区,马铃薯收获后薯石分离人工捡拾工作量大、清选效率低,且清选洁净率较低等问题,利用薯块和石块密度不同的特点,采用气力悬浮输送技术设计了马铃薯清选机气力悬浮薯石分离装置,并基于该装置研究了不同参数调整条件下的清选特性。利用高速气流悬浮与振动筛的摆动作用,发挥气力悬浮和振动筛分离的双重优势,使薯块与石块在运动过程中实现自动分离。试验表明：当气流速度为35m/s、筛面倾角为18°和曲柄角速度为30rad/s时,马铃薯选出率均值为96.71%,清选洁净率均值为98.34%,各项性能指标均满足马铃薯清选作业要求。     

坚果壳仁分离的研究现状与分析

坚果破壳取仁是坚果深加工的基础,是提高坚果附加值的重要途径,壳仁分离是坚果破壳取仁的重要工序,是提高坚果壳仁分净率和降低损失率所面临的一个重要技术难题。为此,简要介绍了国内外坚果壳仁分离的现状,重点从壳仁分离技术、壳仁混合物空气动力学特性及壳仁分离机械三方面进行了详细阐释,分析了坚果壳仁分离加工中存在的不足,指出今后坚果壳仁分离的发展方向,旨在为坚果壳仁分离术及分离设备的开发研究提供参考。     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them biologically. Single-factor test and response surface methodology (RSM) analyses were used to explore the optimum conditions for the growth and fermentation of a strain. Screening of bacterial strains from the soil where feathers were piled for a long time was performed, and 12 keratinolytic bacterial strains were isolated. One of these isolates, CH-7, was found to be the most effective feather-degrading strain, which was identified as Lactococcus lactis KU568489.1. The growth situation of feather keratin degrading bacterium analysis results showed that the best degradation effect of CH-7 was found in oxygen, inoculation 5％, initial pH=6.5, fermentation temperature 30℃, speed 220 r ? min-1 and fermentation time 36 h, and CH-7 had the highest degradation rate of feather keratin. The optimization analysis of RSM showed that there was more significances of the three factors, 32℃, pH 6.3 and amount of inoculum at 5.7％ on the degradation of feather keratin. Based on the above results, the feather degrading bacterium, Lactococcus lactis CH-7, was obtained by screening, 30℃ and pH 5.5-6.5 were the best growth conditions. The oxygen, the amount of inoculum 5.7％, the fermentation temperature, 32℃, pH 6.3 and the rotational speed 220 r ? min-1 were the best fermentation conditions. Under these conditions, 38.48％ degradation rate was obtained after 36 h fermentation, which demonstrated the strain CH-7 was potential to the fermented feather meal for feed.     

红毛藻中多组分藻胆蛋白及其亚基的分离

采用DEAE-52离子交换柱对红毛藻(Bangia fusco-purpurea Lyngb.)中的藻胆蛋白进行分离，依次洗脱出蓝色、紫色、深红色、红色和浅红色等几种组分的藻胆蛋白；经光谱分析发现蓝色组分为R-藻蓝蛋白，紫色组分为1种三峰型的藻胆蛋白，深红色组分和红色组分为2种不同但又非常相似的藻红蛋白，其中深红色组分可能与某些色素物质结合较为紧密，而最后洗脱出的浅红色组分则为变性的藻红蛋白。尿素洗脱结果表明，蓝色组分的R-藻蓝蛋白是由2种双峰型的亚基构成。本研究旨为揭示藻胆蛋白的能量传递机制提供理论和技术依据。