板栗雌花分化相关影响因素研究进展

板栗雌花数量少是其高产的主要限制因子之一,本文概述了近年来我国在板栗雌花分化的主要影响因素中的品种、树龄、密度、C/N、N、P、K营养及植物生长调节剂、整形修剪等方面的研究进展,并提出了选育优良板栗品种,辅以相应管理技术,实现板栗高产高效栽培的建议。     

影响非洲菊离体培养器官分化的因素

采用非洲菊的 4个不同切花品种 ,主要通过对花托外植体进行离体培养 ,从基因型、激素组合、基本培养基、蔗糖质量浓度等方面研究了非洲菊器官形成的规律。结果表明 :幼小的花托是非洲菊最适宜培养的外植体。虽然品种之间存在着差异 ,但在 2个月内均能从愈伤组织上直接产生不定芽。芽的产生以IAA 0 1mg/L及BA 10mg/L为最佳激素配比 ,而基本培养基诱导芽分化的效果是B5>1/ 2MS >MS ,1%蔗糖较之高质量分数蔗糖更有利于芽的分化。     

生长素对植物维管分化的信号诱导作用

植物维管系统与植物生长发育关系密切，维管组织的分化机制也因此倍受关注。生长素可诱导植物维管组织分化，它根据自身浓度的高低产生系列信号，从而通过这些信号来控制其所在部位及其周围区域维管组织的分化状况。该文重点论述了生长素在细胞间的极性运输方式及其信号转导途径、生长素对维管组织分化的信号诱导作用及其表现特征，以及生长素诱导植物维管组织分化的分子机理。     

天然红松种群遗传多样性和遗传分化的研究

ISSR是一种特异性较强、稳定性较高的分子标记方法。本研究采用ISSR-PCR技术,检测了红松(PinuskoraiensisSieb.etZucc)在伊春市汤旺河高峰林场、长白山二道白河、黑河胜山林场和俄罗斯海参崴市郊的四个种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化。15个引物的扩增结果表明:红松群体的多态位点比率是60.70%,平均每个引物3.6个多态位点,多样性水平在松科植物中是较高的;红松分布中心区的遗传多样性要高于边界区;和大多数木本植物一致,红松群体的基因多样性主要来自种群内部,占总基因多样性的73%;红松四个种群的遗传距离和地理距离之间无正相关性。根据研究结果推测,天然红松分布区逐渐缩小的原因不是由于遗传多样性水平过低引起的,而是由于人类的破坏作用,再加上火灾和风倒等因素造成的。     

樟子松成熟胚的离体培养与不定芽的形成

沙藏45d的樟子松种子,剥胚培养在5个系列17种培养基上.在6BA0.2～2.0(mg/L,单位下同)+NAA0.05～0.5以及6BA1.0+IAA0.2～0.5的激素配比范围内,可诱导胚形成不定芽.KT与NAA或IAA配合时无不定芽形成.不定芽分化部位明显受激素种类控制,6BA与NAA配合可诱导胚轴分化出不定芽,而6BA与IAA配合,则可从子叶顶端和基部诱导出不定芽。     

木本能源植物文冠果的表型多样性研究

以文冠果为研究对象,调查了14个分布区文冠果的15个表型性状,利用变异系数和巢式方差分析研究了分布区间和分布区内的变异情况;应用相关分析揭示了表型性状间及其与地理因子间的关系;运用聚类分析进行了分布区分类.结果表明,文冠果分布区内的变异大于分布区间的变异,分布区间的分化相对较小;出种数随经度的增大而减少,果宽随纬度的增大而增大,但随年平均气温的增大而减小,而其它13个性状随地理位置的改变没有特别明显的变化;表型性状的欧式距离与地理距离相关不显著.     

Genetic variation ofAlnus trabeculosa populations in Japan

Alnus trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz. is classed as “near threatened,” and efforts should be made to conserve the species, but effective action would require understanding of its genetic variation and structure. Therefore, the genetic variation at 12 isozyme loci was examined in seven populations of the species in Japan. The expected heterozygosity within species (H _es=0.222) and the expected heterozygosity within populations (H _ep=0.199) were found to be slightly higher than in most other woody species. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (G _ST=0.146) was also high. The northernmost population had the lowest values for almost all measures of genetic variation, and populations in southern Japan tended to show greater within-population variation than those in northern Japan. The level and distribution of genetic variation in this species might be related to its life history and ecological traits, and distribution history.     

Early height development and species stratification across five climax series in the eastern Washington Cascade range

Reconstruction in twenty single-cohort stands across five climax series on the eastern slope of the Washington Cascade Range found a variety of species combinations and development patterns. Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud) were found to be very competitive species that usually occupied a dominant position in stands in the Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, and Tsuga mertensiana climax series. Interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mirb.) Franco) was found in all five climax series and, although its height growth was less than that of western larch or the lodgepole pine, it was usually found in the upper stratum. These results suggest that site classification based on climax potential should be used cautiously when applied to young stand management decisions regarding seral species. For example, the difference between an Abies grandis, and a Tsuga mertensiana climax series is quite large in terms of potential productivity but in either case western larch, if present, will likely dominate these stands.     

A commentary on current approaches to forest population genetics

Some of the most frequently chosen approaches to forest population genetics as reflected in the present volume are discussed, and some topics possibly deserving more attention are addressed. Among the first are studies of self-fertilization as a characteristic of forest tree mating systems, gene markers as indicators of adaptive or phylogenetic differentiation, and methodological aspects of the measurement of genetic differentiation. The latter mainly concern generalizable methods of analysis and the involvement of gene markers in the determination of mating systems, detection of mechanisms of frequency dependent selection, and the incorporation of genetic profiles (characteristics of frequency distributions of genetic types) into population genetic analysis.     

胡柚花芽分化观察

用冰冻切片法观察胡柚花芽分化各阶段的形态特征．胡柚花芽分化从１２月中旬开始到次年４月中旬结束，可分为６个时期，历时１２０ｄ左右。花芽分化和物候期存在一定的相关性．刚进入盛果期的胡柚，其春梢结果母枝的各节位均能分化花芽，主要集中在其顶端的第１￣第４节位上．