滇型杂交粳稻“寻杂29”在水、旱条件下植株性状变化的研究初报

 根据1990～1994年滇型杂交粳稻“寻杂29”水栽和旱种的试验数据和调查资料,从“寻杂29”在水、旱条件下植株性状变化和产量形成的种种差异,论述该品种对不同生态环境的抗逆性和适应能力,初步探索出杂交水稻“寻杂29”旱种的生长发育及其栽培特点,供生产应用参考.     

不同夏玉米品种冠层光分布和干物质转运的变化特征研究

以宜机收玉米品种迪卡517、普通玉米品种郑单958为材料,设60 000株/hm²、75 000株/hm²、90 000株/hm² 3个种植密度,通过2020、2021两年的田间试验,研究了两品种群体冠层不同层次光分布和干物质转运的变化特征。结果表明,在3个种植密度下,迪卡517的透光率、干物质转运量、干物质转移率、干物质对籽粒的贡献率、有效穗数、穗粒数均高于郑单958,迪卡517的叶面积指数、花后干物质积累量和千粒重低于郑单958。在75 000株/hm²、90 000株/hm²种植密度下,迪卡517的花后干物质积累率和籽粒产量高于郑单958。迪卡517在90 000株/hm²密度下产量最高,郑单958在75 000株/hm²密度下产量达到最大。由此可见,宜机收玉米品种迪卡517冠层光分布合理,干物质转运和分配特性较好,耐密性较强,高密度下易获得高产。     

The effects of changing wind regimes on the development of blowouts in the coastal dunes of The Netherlands

Blowouts are the main features of aeolian activity in many dune areas. To assess the impact of future climatic change on the geomorphological processes prevailing in a dune landscape it is essential to understand blowout formation and identify the meteorological parameters which are important.The development, that is, local erosion and accumulation, of six blowouts in a dune terrain along the Dutch coast has been related to wind velocity and wind direction, as measured at a nearby standard meteorological station. Blowout changes correlate best with wind velocities between 6.25 and 12.5 m/s (measured at 10 m height) which are the critical wind velocities for moving particles in the 0.15 to 0.42 mm range. These winds mostly blow from the southwest. Consequently, the blowouts are elongated in the same direction.Extreme aeolian events such as northwestern storms have little effect on blowout development compared to events which have a lower magnitude but occur with a higher frequency. An eventual shift towards higher effective wind velocities would probably result not in larger blowouts but in a break-down of the whole system, especially if this shift were accompanied by a change in wind direction. The accumulation of sand in the blowouts during storms should be seen as a first step of adaptation to a higher energy level.     

现代化规模猪场猪伪狂犬病防控探讨

猪伪狂犬病是目前规模猪场主要防控的病毒病之一,2018年12月华北地区某现代化规模猪场,妊娠母猪出现流产现象。通过发病背景、临床症状及死胎剖解、现场情况、实验室血清学及病原学检测,此次妊娠母猪流产是由伪狂犬病毒野毒感染所致。采用优质伪狂犬基因缺失疫苗进行紧急接种、改善通风、消除贼风引起的应激措施后,得到了有效的控制。该措施从猪场的饲养管理角度并结合疫苗防控来控制疫病,以期为现代化规模猪场伪狂犬病的防控提供参考。     

Effects of interlighting on yield and external fruit quality in year-round cultivated cucumber

The effects of interlighting and of the proportion of interlight on the yield and fruit quality of year-round cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Cumuli) were investigated for this study. Artificial lighting was provided by high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and the lighting regimes included top lighting (TL), top + interlighting 24% (T + IL24) and top + interlighting 48% (T + IL48). In TL, all of the lamps were mounted above the canopy. In T + IL24 and T + IL48, top lamps covered 76 and 52% of the lighting, respectively, while 24 and 48% of the lighting came from interlighting lamps which were mounted vertically 1.3 m above the ground between the single plant rows. The outdoor daily light integral (DLI) varied greatly during the cultivation periods; the mean values were 36.8, 5.3 and 19.9 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ for the summer, autumn–winter and spring stands, respectively. Lighting regime affected both yield and external fruit quality. Interlighting increased first class yield and decreased unmarketable yield, both in weight and number. The increase in the annual first class yield in weight was 15% in the two T + IL regimes. Interlighting improved energy use efficiency in lighting, being for the whole year 120, 130 and 127 g total yield kW h⁻¹ in TL, T + IL24 and T + IL48, respectively. Interlighting increased the fruit skin chlorophyll concentration in all seasons, but had only a minor effect on the fruit dry matter concentration. The mean total chlorophyll concentration in fruit skin was 70.8, 76.7 and 82.2 μg cm⁻² in TL, T + IL24 and T + IL48, respectively. In addition, interlighting extended the post-harvest shelf life of cucumber fruits in spring. Besides interlighting per se, also the higher proportion of interlight tended to further improve the fruit quality. For example, the fruit skin chlorophyll concentration increased along with the higher proportion of interlighting. In general, the effects of lighting regime were more prominent in lower natural light conditions in winter and spring. It is concluded that interlighting is a recommendable lighting method in cucumber cultivation, especially in lower natural light conditions.     

Preparation,characterization, and pharmacokinetics in swine of a florfenicol enteric formulation prepared using hot‐melt extrusion technology

The objective of this work was to manufacture an enteric formulation of florfenicol (FF) using hot‐melt extrusion (HME) technology and to evaluate its in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics. For the HME process, hypromellose acetate succinate LG (HPMCAS‐LG) was the enteric polymer mixed with FF, and the two components were extruded with a standard screw configuration at a speed of 50 rpm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were performed to characterize the HME extrudate. The release percentage of the enteric formulation in the acidic stage was <10% of the loaded FF, whereas that in the phosphate buffer stage was >80%. Pharmacokinetic evaluations in swine revealed that the enteric formulation had a longer t_1/2λ and MRT than commercially available FF powder (FULAIKA^®), indicating that the novel formulation exhibited enteric and sustained release properties. Compared with the commercial product, the relative bioavailability of the enteric formulation reached up to 117.2%. This study suggests that this formulation may have potential for future commercialization.     

Dry Matter Partitioning to Stem at Full Maturity Affects Stem Desiccation and Combine Harvest Maturity in Soybeans

Abstract

Days from full maturity to combine harvest maturity (DFC) is a major concern in combine harvesting of soybeans (Glycine max (L.)), especially in northern Japan, which has a short harvesting period. The combine harvest maturity, which was defined as the day at which the moisture content of the stem reached 30%, was analyzed using 7 soybean varieties for 3 yr in Hokkaido. There were significant differences in DFC among varieties (12 to 31 d) and among the 3 yr (16 to 25 d). DFC was closely associated with dry matter partitioning to stem (DMPS) at full maturity, that is, high DMPS increased DFC. The relationship between DMPS and DFC was examined by pod removal experiments conducted for 2 yr. In the soybean plants with high DMPS pod removal increased the stem desiccation period and DFC. These results indicated that DMPS at full maturity is an informative indicator for predicting the harvest maturity in the combine harvesting system.     

Seedling broadcasting as a potential method to reduce apple snail damage to rice

Exotic apple snails (Pomacea spp.) are a major threat to the productivity and profitability of rice farming globally. Cultural methods that are applicable to traditional rice transplanting are often successful in reducing snail damage to rice. However, high labor and irrigation costs associated with transplanting highlight the need to develop modern rice crop establishment methods to replace traditional, labor-intensive methods. This study examined four broad categories of rice crop establishment for their vulnerability to apple snail damage. Seedlings from dapog nurseries and wet-direct seeding were highly vulnerable to damage and produced no grain in snail-infested ponds in the Philippines. Rice transplanted from dry bed nurseries at 21 days after sowing (DAS) had high mortality (85%) and consequently low yields. In contrast, seedling broadcasting (21 DAS) significantly reduced rice vulnerability (22% seedling mortality) to snail damage compared to all other methods and resulted in the highest grain yields per plot in our experiments. We attribute lower vulnerability to snail damage and successful stand development to reduced transplanting shock at the time of seedling broadcasting and to the generally good condition of seedlings even after 21 days in polyvinyl chloride trays. We suggest that seedling broadcasting be considered as a crop establishment method with potential to sustainably manage apple snails in irrigated rice.     

同朔地区风蚀沙化盐碱地造林技术

文章结合同朔地区特殊的气候特征,对风蚀沙化盐碱地造林技术作了探讨。     

Impact of Soil Water Content and Core Sampler Diameter at Sampling for Dry Soil Fragment‐Size Distributions

Soil conditions at sampling and the dimensions of the sample are critical factors when soil aggregation is indirectly characterized by determining the distribution of soil fragments. Our objective was to determine the effects of gravimetric soil water content and core sampler diameter (16, 54, and 84 mm) at sampling on the dry‐fragment‐size distribution of two soils (Typic Paleudalf and Typic Hapludalf) under undisturbed Festuca arundinacea L. sod and recently rototilled treatments. The 16‐mm core diameter sampler compressed the rototilled soil, and it was not appropriate for soil aggregation studies. The fragmentation of samples taken with core diameters greater than 54 mm decreased with decreasing soil water content. A greater probability of discriminating between undisturbed and fragmented silt loam or clay loam soils was observed when sampling with a 54‐mm‐diameter probe and when the soil had a mean soil water content of 237g kg^?1 or at a potential of ?0.61MPa.