不同土壤熏蒸剂对烤烟苗床杂草的药效试验

以烟草品种龙江911为供试材料,对适每地、维博亩和斯美地这3种不同土壤熏蒸剂防除烟草苗床杂草效果进行了试验。结果表明,适每地和斯美地这两种土壤熏蒸剂对苗床杂草均有较好的防除效果。综合防除效果及安全性等因素．以斯美地效果最理想,其次是适每地,均可在黑龙江省烟区推广使用。     

两行一带式乔木固沙林带风速流场和防风效果风洞试验

研究在风速为10和15 m·s<'-1>的风洞试验条件下,覆盖度为20%和25%的3种两行一带模式固沙林内的水平和垂直方向的风速变化情况,以期对3种模式的风速流场和防风效果进行比较分析.结果表明:3种配置模式在0.31H高度形成了风影区和风速加速区相互组合的复杂流场结构,覆盖度25%的两行一带模式的防风效果高于覆盖度20%的两行一带模式.3种模式在不同高度的风速变化规律相同,可划分为3层:微变化层(1.54H和2H)、显著变化层(0.46H和0.92H)和稳定变化层(0.06～0.12H)3个层次.3种模式降低风速的效果为:D=4H(H为带间距)L=4 cm(L为行距)模式大于D=5H,L=0.08 m模式和覆盖度20%(D=5H,L=0.04 m),后2种模式相同.     

胶合板产业集群的成因与效应分析

基于马歇尔的外部经济理论和波特的"钻石"模型,对影响胶合板产业集群的成因进行系统分析,揭示中国的四大胶合板产业集群基本是在市场自发和政府引导双重因素作用下发展起来的,其特征是以集聚区工段的深度分解为基础,辅助工段走向独立,实现胶合板分工的高度专业化.分析我国胶合板产业集聚区普遍存在的"两端不稳定"现象,提出完善产业集聚区"根植性"、"共生性"和"互动性"的若干对策建议.     

学习经历对川硬皮肿腿蜂寄生云斑天牛幼虫的影响

采用Y形嗅觉仪和EthoVision3.1行为仪研究0～5日龄川硬皮肿腿蜂经历杨树云斑天牛虫粪木屑混合物气味刺激的学习效应,并通过室内和林间放蜂试验,比较有无学习经历的川硬皮肿腿蜂对2～3龄云斑天牛幼虫的寄生作用,以探索利用学习行为提高川硬皮肿腿蜂防治云斑天牛效果的途径。结果表明:杨树云斑天牛虫粪木屑混合物对无学习经历的蜂有显著驱避作用(P<0.05),有学习经历的蜂对杨树云斑天牛虫粪木屑混合物的趋向性显著提高(P>0.05)。在EthoVision3.1行为仪分析中,有学习经历的蜂活动轨迹在味源区域的密度远高于无学习经历蜂在该区域的密度;在味源区的停留时间、移动距离和移动时间上,有学习经历的蜂明显长于无学习经历的蜂(P<0.05);有学习经历的蜂在采集区的静止时间明显长于无学习经历的蜂(P<0.05),而停留时间、移动距离和反应时间则显著短于无学习经历的蜂(P<0.05)。有学习经历的蜂室内搜索寄主所需平均时间39.99s,60s内搜索到寄主的数量为23.33头,都与无学习经历的蜂存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在采用蜂虫比1:1,2:1,4:1室内对云斑天牛2～3龄幼虫寄生试验中,有学习经历蜂在蜂虫比4:...     

鹅掌楸属树种繁殖性能的遗传分析

分析影响鹅掌楸繁殖性能的遗传效应。以鹅掌楸、北美鹅掌楸各4株成年个体作为交配亲本,进行8×8全双列交配设计,以各交配组合子代的出苗率来评价各亲本的雌、雄繁殖性能,分析影响鹅掌楸繁殖性能的父本效应、母本效应、父母本交互作用效应、各亲本的一般配合力及各交配组合的特殊配合力。同时,利用11个SSR位点信息估算亲本间遗传距离,分析亲本间遗传距离与繁殖性能之间的相关性。结果表明:鹅掌楸繁殖性能主要受母本效应影响,父本效应可以忽略;繁殖性能的一般配合力亲本间差异较大,且雌性大于雄性;种内交配的特殊配合力远高于种间杂交。尽管亲本遗传距离与杂交亲和性二者间相关不显著,但仍存在如下趋势:种内杂交的亲和性随遗传距离增大而增加;而种间杂交的亲和性则随遗传距离增大而降低。研究结果对于鹅掌楸杂交种子园的亲本选配及杂种优势利用有重要的参考意义。     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

Neuroprotective labdane diterpenes from Fritillaria ebeiensis

By bioactivity-guided isolation, two labdane diterpenes (1 and 2) have been isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria ebeiensis. Their structures were elucidated as 6α,7β-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E),14-triene (1) and 6-oxo-2α-hydroxy-labda-7,12(E), 14-triene (2), on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Both of the isolates showed neuroprotective effects against MPP⁺-induced neuronal cell death in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.     

An in vivo analysis of the therapeutic and synergistic properties of Chinese medicinal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang based on its active constituents

6,7-Dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G) and rhein (R) are the three major active ingredients of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, which has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury (HI) syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC (combination of D, G and R) on HI rats by combining pharmacokinetic with biochemical analysis strategy. Plasma was analyzed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC at the biochemical level. Here, we report that the COC combination could increase the plasma level, slow elimination rate, exert a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of HI. Overall, this beneficially accounts for the popular view that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula usually takes multi-component to exert their therapeutic effects. We suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formula to be capable of producing a sufficient effect at low doses.     

Neuroprotective cadinane sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha

Three new cadinane sesquiterpenes, commiterpenes A−C (1−3), were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (IR, ESIMS, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). All the isolated sesquiterpenes showed neuroprotective effects against MPP⁺-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.     

不同农药对美国白蛾幼虫致死效果研究

利用8种不同类型的农药对美国白蛾3龄幼虫进行了致死效果试验。结果表明,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、25%高氯.辛硫磷乳油对美国白蛾致死速度最快,在36h的致死率均达100%。48%毒死蜱乳油、5.7%高氯.氟铃脲乳油在48h的致死率也达到了100%,3.2%阿维菌素乳油2000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了97.5%,0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油1000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了90%。而5%氟铃脲乳油和5%灭幼脲乳油在72h对美国白蛾的致死率较低,仅分别达到27.6%、42.2%。