Chromosomal location of fertility restoring genes for ‘wild abortive’ cytoplasmic male sterility using primary trisomics in rice

Summary Identification and location of fertility restoring genes facilitates their deployment in a hybrid breeding program involving cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system. The study aimed to locate fertility restorer genes of CMSWA system on specific chromosomes of rice using primary trisomics of IR36 (restorer), CMS (IR58025A) and maintainer (IR58025B) lines. Primary trisomic series (Triplo 1 to 12) was crossed as maternal parent with the maintainer line IR58025B. The selected trisomic and disomic F₁ plants were testcrossed as male parents with the CMS line IR58025A. Plants in testcross families derived from disomic F₁ plants (Group I crosses) were all diploid; however, in the testcross families derived from trisomic F₁ plants (Group II crosses), some trisomic plants were observed. Diploid plants in all testcross families were analyzed for pollen fertility using 1% IKI stain. All testeross families from Group I crosses segregated in the ratio of 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+partially sterile: 1 sterile plants indicating that fertility restoration was controlled by two independent dominant genes: one of the genes was stronger than the other. Testcross families from Group II crosses segregated in 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+ partially sterile: 1 sterile plants in crosses involving Triplo 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12, but families involving triplo 7 and triplo 10 showed significantly higher X² values, indicating that the two fertility restorer genes were located on chromosome 7 and 10. Stronger restorer gene (Rf-WA-1) was located on chromosome 7 and weaker restorer gene (Rf-WA-2) was located on chromosome 10. These findings should facilitate tagging of these genes with molecular markers with the ultimate aim to practice marker-aided selection for fertility restoration ability.     

Use of multiparental inbred populations to determine allelic relationships of molecular markers

The assessment of polymorphism exhibited by molecular markers is an arduous but essential task that facilitates the use of molecular tools by breeders and geneticists. For that purpose, the value of a wheat composite population was assessed for characterizing the diversity of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers developed by INRA-Génoblé. The polymorphism of 13 genomic probes was measured over a set of 80 inbred lines randomly extracted by single-seed descent from a composite-cross of 16 wheat lines. The 13 probéenzyme combinations revealed 27 loci with codominant polymorphism. As many bands were so far unmapped, the segregational analysis of the progenies appeared very suitable for complex patterns, both in determining allelic relationships and in revealing linkage between loci. Allelic diversity, band sizes and chromosomal location assessed from nullisomic-tetrasomic lines are given for the 27 loci.     

小麦耐热性基因的染色体定位和遗传效应分析

以中国春-HOPE染色体代换系为试验材料，利用细胞膜热稳定性和大田生产条件下高温胁迫两种方法，对与耐热性有关的基因进行了染色体定位。结果表明，无论是利用膜热稳定性方法，还是利用大田高温胁迫环境进行耐热性评价的方法，HOPE的2A，3A，2B，3B和4B染色体代换到中国春相应染色体后，均显著提高了中国春的耐热性，证明这些染色体含有与耐热性有关的基因。在大田高温胁迫环境条件下，HOPE的3D，4A，5A和5B染色体也表现与耐热性有关。利用单染色体代换系和不同耐热性代换系杂交组合，对耐热性的基因效应分析结果显示，HOPE2A染色体上的耐热性基因表现为显性效应，3A，2B，3A和4B染色体上的耐热性基因表现为加性效应；3B与4B，3A与2A，3B与2B以及这些染色体上的耐热性基因与2A染色体上的耐热性基因之间均可能存在互作效应。     

产流积水法测量坡地降雨入渗动态过程及其精度估计

坡地土壤的降雨入渗性能对于水文过程、土壤侵蚀、水资源相关方面的研究和实践非常重要。产流积水法采用由实验得到的数据，分析了不同坡位土壤入渗率及累积入渗量随降雨时间的变化过程。结果表明不同坡位入渗过程曲线反映了坡面径流到达前后，实际入渗率从降雨强度控制阶段跃升到入渗性能控制阶段，并最终趋于稳定入渗率的全过程。入渗区不同坡位的累积入渗量从坡顶至坡底逐渐减少，而且径流在坡面上推进速度越快不同坡位上的累积入渗量差值越小。通过理论分析，确定了观测径流推进距离误差所引起的测量结果的误差。用水量平衡原理对产流积水法实验结果进行精度估计，并提出了由实测入渗率求入渗水量的解析方法，并将此与实际降雨量进行比较，间接地估计了测量结果的精度。结果表明，产流积水法测量坡地降雨/径流入渗性能具有很高的精度。     

农村居民点整治工程选址适宜性评价与决策

[目的]通过对影响农村居民点整治工程选址适宜性的指标因素进行分析,构建农村居民点整治工程适宜性评价体系。[方法]引入配对比较法和1—7标度理论法确定指标因素权重,通过综合分值测算法对农村居民点整治工程适宜性进行评价。根据离散度分析法对适宜性综合分值进行级别划分。[结果]河北省唐县农村居民点整治工程选址适宜性可划分为4等,即适宜区、较适宜区、一般适宜区和不适宜区,其综合作用分值划分区间为:77分以上为适宜区,68.59~77分为较适宜区,61.37~68.59分为一般适宜区,61.37分以下为不适宜区。[结论]相关部门应谨慎决策选址的时空顺序,有效提高农村居民点整治工程选址的科学性和可行性。     

中国竹亚科植物的耐寒区位区划

将中国原产及引进的禾本科竹亚科植物的43属711种、52变种、98变型、4个杂交种、共计865个种及种以下分类群,按其自然分布和温度生态幅进行耐寒区划,从而为生产实践中竹类植物的引种和培育提供参考。     

基于多目标粒子群的土地整理项目选址模型

土地整理项目选址实质上是一个多目标空间优化问题,将传统选址方法用于解决多目标土地整理项目选址存在明显不足。该文提出了一种基于多目标粒子群的土地整理项目选址模型,归纳了土地整理项目选址的选址规则,提取3个能够体现土地整理项目选址目的及意义的目标函数,即新增耕地潜力最高、空间分区集中连片、土地适宜性评价指数最高,同时考虑了土地整理项目最小新增耕地率、实施规模2类约束条件,并详细阐述了算法的核心思想、矢量编码策略、状态更新机制等内容,最后选取湖北省嘉鱼县为试验区,验证了模型的可行性和有效性,结果表明通过对目标的权重调控可以得到不同目标偏好的土地整理项目选址方案,该文所构建模型在土地整理实践中具有可操作性,提供的选址方案科学合理,为土地利用规划和土地利用调控管理提供支持。     

水稻Os NAD-ME1的克隆、预测及逆境下的表达分析

植物中的苹果酸酶能够参与光合作用、呼吸作用和脂类生成等多种重要的代谢途径,而且与植物的逆境防御有着密切的关系.为研究水稻中一个苹果酸酶基因(Os NA D-ME1,Gene ID:4343294)的基本特征及其与逆境间的响应关系,克隆得到该基因的cDNA片段,应用生物信息学对其序列进行分析及预测,并运用Northern...     

小麦中国春背景下长穗偃麦草光合作用相关基因的染色体定位

 光合作用与小麦产量关系的研究倍受国内外学者关注，而以代换系为材料研究外源染色体对光合作用的效应至今未见报道。本文以小麦－长穗偃麦草二体代换系为材料，以旗叶为主要测定叶位，用美国CID公司生产的CI-310便携式光合作用测定系统于田间测定旗叶光合速率在各生育期变化，并测定其与产量构成因素间的相关性。结果表明，DS2Ee(2A)代换系在开花期具有在整个生育期最高的光合速率，2Ee染色体可在穗粒数性状的改良过程中加以利用。DS4Ee(4A、4B、4D)代换系其旗叶从抽穗期到灌浆期始终保持较高水平净光合速率，对籽粒形成和充实十分有利，4Ee染色体可在通过改良灌浆时光合速率来提高千粒重等产量指标的研究中加以利用。     

Fault location method for transmission line based on traveling waves

The single phase grounding fault location is the focus which researchers pay attention to and study in power system. The accurate fault location can lighten the patrolling burden, and enhance the reliability of the power network. It adopts A/D which has high speed, and uses TMS320VC5402 DSP chip as the system core. This paper presented theory of operation based on traveling waves and achieved software and hardware in detail.