利用产黄青霉培养液的上清液生物合成纳米银影响因素的研究

[目的]对利用产黄青霉培养液的上清液生物合成纳米银的影响因素进行研究。[方法]利用紫外-可见光谱和投射电镜研究硝酸银起始浓度、pH值、光照和微波辐照等条件对合成反应速率及合成纳米银粒径的影响。[结果]硝酸银的最佳起始浓度为2 mmol/L;随着反应体系pH值的升高,反应速率随之加快,合成纳米银粒子的粒径变小;光照和微波辐照均能有效促进纳米银的合成。[结论]该研究为实现纳米银的可控合成提供了试验基础。     

磷素对小麦籽粒支链淀粉合成及其链长分布的影响

为探究不同磷水平对小麦籽粒支链淀粉合成与支链淀粉精细结构的影响。以新冬20号（南疆主栽）和新冬23号（北疆强筋面包小麦）为材料,研究了3种施磷(P₂O₅)量 0 kg·hm^-2（CK ）、105 kg·hm^-2（CP ）和210 kg·hm^-2（HP）对小麦籽粒支链淀粉合成相关酶基因表达、相关酶活性、籽粒支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉链长分布以及籽粒全磷含量的影响。结果表明,施磷显著提高了支链淀粉合成相关酶基因（ sbe1、 sbe2a、 sbe2b、 iso1）的表达量和籽粒支链淀粉含量。CP处理提高了支链淀粉B链段的比例,但降低了A链段的比例。两个参试小麦品种籽粒中支链淀粉合成关键酶的活性对磷素的敏感性不同,新冬 20号受磷水平影响较大。施磷提高了新冬20号胚乳中蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性和酶活高峰期的淀粉分支酶（SBE）活性,提前了新冬20号胚乳中淀粉去分支酶（DBE）活性峰值的出现时间。     

盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元生物合成途径研究进展

综述了薯蓣皂苷元生物合成途径的研究进展及相关酶的研究进展,对其生物合成途径进行了推断,以期为盾叶薯蓣皂苷元合成相关的研究以及利用生物工程进行生产奠定基础。     

木质素生物合成及其基因调控研究进展

介绍了木质素的组成、生物合成途径、涉及的酶类,综述了近年来基因工程技术调控木质素生物合成的研究进展,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

青蒿素生物合成研究进展

综述了青蒿素生物合成途径及其关键酶3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰CoA还原酶、法呢基焦磷酸合酶、紫穗槐-4,11-二烯合酶、紫穗槐-4,11-二烯P450单加氧酶。     

Wheat arabinoxylans: Exploiting variation in amount and composition to develop enhanced varieties

Arabinoxylans (AX) are the major polymers of wheat grain cell walls. The content and the structure of AX polymers show large differences between tissues and between wheat cultivars that affect the end-use properties and nutritional quality of the grain. The development of new wheat cultivars with enhanced quality, therefore, requires methods to exploit this variation and it is essential to understand and modulate the mechanisms controlling the key events of cell-wall polymer synthesis.This paper summarises recent knowledge on the structure and physicochemical properties of AX including variation between cultivars and tissues, methods for analysis and screening, biosynthetic mechanisms and approaches to identifying key genes. This knowledge is essential to understand AX properties and defined possible targets for plant breeding.     

花香基因工程研究进展

综述了花香物质生物合成途径及其相关酶和基因的研究进展;探讨了基因工程调控及改良植物花香的策略;同时简要评述了花香基因工程研究中存在的问题并展望了其应用前景.     

Recent advances in caffeine and theobromine toxicities: a review

Caffeine and theobromine are purine alkaloids widely consumed as stimulants and snacks in coffee and cocoa based foods and most often as part of ingredients in drugs. Man has enjoyed a long history of consumption of caffeine and theobromine. Recent interest in these two alkoloids, however, is centered on their potential reproductive toxicities. Caffeine and theobromine are now known to cross the placental and blood brain barrier thus potentially inducing fetal malformation by affecting the expression of genes vital in development. The developing fetus may not have developed enzymes for detoxification of these methylxanthine alkaloids via demethylation. There is a need, therefore, to protect the conceptus against insults from teratogens of this nature. Apart from its reproductive toxicity, the presence of caffeine and theobromine in cocoa could limit its potentials as a nourishing food. This is an issue that needs to be addressed by nutritionists and the food industry at large. This paper discusses the natural sources, consumption and uses, toxicity and the major advances in the reproductive toxicology of caffeine and theobromine. The biosynthesis of these compounds in plants, metabolism in mammalian systems and the involvement of cytochrome P450 are reviewed and summarized. Evidence in favor of the toxicity of these compounds in experimental animals is presented with emphasis on the implications of these findings in humans. The paper concludes with a call for caution in the use of caffeine and theobromine pending further and more elaborate investigations.     

Pseudopterosin Biosynthesis: Aromatization of the Diterpene Cyclase Product,Elisabethatriene

Putative precursors in pseudopterosin biosynthesis, the hydrocarbons isoelisabethatriene (10) and erogorgiaene (11), have been identified from an extract of Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae collected in the Florida Keys. Biosynthetic experiments designed to test the utilization of these compounds in pseudopterosin production revealed that erogorgiaene is transformed to pseudopterosins A–D. Together with our previous data, it is now apparent that early steps in pseudopterosin biosynthesis involve the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to elisabethatriene followed by the dehydrogenation and aromatization to erogorgiaene.     

大豆异黄酮生物合成串联基因簇及其表达载体的构建

植物异黄酮是一种重要的次级代谢产物,在植物的生理活动以及人类健康方面具有重要作用.植物异黄酮生物合成途径有三个调控酶:查尔酮合酶(Chaleone synthase,CHS),查尔酮异构酶(Chalcone Isomerase,CHI)和异黄酮合酶(Isoflavone synthase,IFS).以大豆为材料,利用RT-PCR方法克隆到查尔酮合酶基因(CHS),查尔酮异构酶基因(CHI Ⅱ)和异黄酮合酶基因(IFS)的eDNA(Genebank登记号分别为EU526827,EU526829,EU526830)经过NCBI在线Blast比对,相似度均在98%以上,确认克隆的目标基因是正确的;将这三种基因顺序连接,构建成串联基因簇CHS-CHI Ⅱ-IFS(命名为rIFS),并且构建了rlFS的原核表达载体,进行了初步的表达研究.为进一步研究植物异黄酮的生物合成以及进行异黄酮生物工程奠定了基础.