响应面法优化灵芝子实体多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为确定灵芝子实体多糖最佳提取工艺,通过单因素实验研究料液比、提取时间、浸提温度及溶剂提取次数对灵芝子实体多糖提取率的影响。在此单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对灵芝子实体多糖提取工艺进行了优化。实验结果表明,灵芝子实体多糖浸提的最佳提取条件为液固比50:1,提取时间 60min,提取温度100℃,在此条件下灵芝子实体多糖的提取率为2.96%;体外抗氧化测定结果显示,灵芝子实体多糖对 DPPH、OH自由基的 IC50 分别为 0.67mg/mL和0.46 mg/mL,数据表明灵芝子实体多糖具有极强的抗氧化能力。     

Effect of pidotimod on renal function and inflammatory response in rat IgA nephropathy model

AIM:To explore the effect of pidotimod on the renal function in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) rat model, and to further study whether this effect is related to the inhibition of inflammatory response. METHODS:The SD rats (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, IgAN model group, IgAN with prednisone treatment group and IgAN with pidotimod treatment group, with 9 rats in each group. The IgAN model was induced by consecutive oral administration of bovine gamma globulin (BGG) for 8 weeks followed by injection of BGG through tail vein for 3 d. After the IgAN model was established, the drug was continuously used for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were examined by an automated analyzer. IgA deposition in the renal tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin 1 in the renal tissues were detected by RT-qPCR. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the renal tissues were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS:No significant difference of the body weight was observed in different groups. Compared with control group, the content of urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas those were reversed by pidotimod treatment. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that pidotimod inhibited IgA deposition in the IgAN rats. Pitomod treatment inhibited the mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers TGF-β1 and fibronectin 1, and the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the renal tissues of IgAN rats. CONCLUSION:Pidotimod alleviates IgAN progression in rats by inhibition of inflammatory response.     

Effects of bFGF on brain edema,nerve function injury and autophagy related protein in rats with traumatic brain injury

AIM:To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain edema, nerve function damage and autophagy related proteins in rats with head injury. METHODS:The rat model of craniocerebral injury (CI) was constructed. The rats were divided into control group, CI group, and low-, middle-and high-dose bFGF groups (n=10). The CI model was established in CI group, while the rats in control group were not given epidural impact. The rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were given bFGF at 2, 4 and 6 μg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection after 30 min. The neurological function in the rats was evaluated by improved neurological function scoring. The rat brain tissues were taken, and the water content was detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid method. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by WST-8 assay. The glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was detected by colorimetric method. The protein levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The neurological function score was increased significantly of the rats in CI group. The rat model of craniocerebral injury was successfully constructed. Neurological function scores in the rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were reduced, the water content of the brain tissue was also reduced (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased in the brain tissues (P<0.05), the content of MDA was declined (P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were decreased, compared with the untreated rats in CI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:bFGF improves the nerve function of the rats with craniocerebral injury, reduces the water content of the brain tissue, reduces the expression of autophagic protein LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative damage.     

粉壤土条件下影响地下滴灌灌水器流量的因素分析

分别选取灌水器工作压力、土壤容重和土壤初始含水率为因素,采取混合水平均匀设计安排试验,对各因素实测数据进行相关、回归和通径分析,利用通径系数直接评价和比较各试验因素对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响程度.结果表明:工作压力对灌水器流量的直接通径系数最大,土壤初始含水率和土壤容重通过工作压力对灌水器流量的间接通径系数次之,其它直接或间接通径系数很小,剩余通径系数较小.这说明试验所选的三个因素可反映地下滴灌灌水器水力要素之间的关系,其中地下滴灌中工作压力是决定灌水器流量的主要因素,土壤初始含水率和土壤容重通过工作压力对灌水器流量的作用不可忽略.     

辐射花粉技术在西瓜单倍体培养中的应用

从基因型、辐射源及辐射量和授粉时间等方面详述了辐射花粉方法培育西瓜单倍体植株的主要影响因素,并全面分析了再生植株倍性鉴定的方法,为今后相关方面研究提供理论支持.     

不同龄期异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜的捕食功能反应

核桃全斑蚜是近年来新发现的一种核桃树上的新害虫,为明确异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜的控害潜能,室内研究了不同龄期异色瓢虫对不同密度核桃全斑蚜的捕食能力.结果表明:不同龄期异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling-Ⅱ型圆盘方程.异色瓢虫各龄幼虫及成虫对核桃全斑蚜的日最大理论捕食量由大到小依次为4龄幼虫、雌成虫、雄成...     

水稻幼穗响应盐胁迫的转录组分析

盐胁迫是影响作物生长发育的重要环境因素之一.鉴定水稻耐盐新基因以及揭示其可能的机制并应用于新种质创制和新品种选育,是提高水稻耐盐性的重要途径之一.本研究以实验室自主选育的耐盐性不同的水稻品系58M和58L为材料,用0.6％NaCl处理0、6、24 h后收集水稻的幼穗,并进行转录组测序研究.结果发现,以0 h的幼穗为对照...     

水生动物溶菌酶的研究进展

近年来,由于水产养殖过程病害日趋严重,水产养殖对象的非特异性免疫因子的研究与开发引起了人们的重视。溶菌酶是生物体内重要的非特异性免疫因子之一。综述了水生动物包括鱼、虾和贝类溶菌酶的生物学功能,溶菌梅的基因克隆、基因工程表达及其在机体内的表达规律等的研究进展,并探讨了其在水产养殖病害防治方面的应用前景。     

球孢白僵菌Bbchitinase 1和Bbchitinase 2在侵染宿主过程中的不同作用

球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)在宿主昆虫体壁穿透和体内定植过程中分泌了Bbchitinase 1和Bbchitinase 2两种胞外几丁质酶,但二者的作用分工尚不明确.本文通过菌株胞外总几丁质酶活性与侵染毒力的相关性分析,Bbchitinase 1和Bbchitinase 2基因表达水平与侵染毒力的...     

雌雄异株植物生长释放/抑制判定及其气候解释

利用树轮学方法,以长白山雌雄异株植物红豆杉、山杨和水曲柳为研究对象,通过判定雌雄异株树种生长释放/抑制事件及其与气候因子的关系,以期揭示物种属性和性别因素对树木生长释放/抑制事件的影响及其对气候响应机制的差异性。结果表明:3种雌雄植株的生长释放事件大多发生在幼龄阶段,生理特征差异也可能导致不同雌雄植株发生生长释放事件的时间和频率存在一定差异性。性别因素对山杨和红豆杉雌雄植株的生长释放存在显著影响,山杨雌株和红豆杉雄株对外界环境干扰更为敏感,水曲柳雌雄株对环境干扰的响应差异不明显;山杨更易受到外界环境干扰发生生长释放事件;水曲柳植株发生生长释放/抑制事件可能与林窗干扰有关。红豆杉和山杨的生长释放事件与气候因子具有显著相关关系,红豆杉雄株与温度、降水则存在显著正相关关系(P0.05),山杨雄株与温度、降水则存在显著负相关关系(P0.05),山杨雌株与降水呈显著负相关关系(P0.05),植株的生长释放/抑制事件对气候的响应与树木径向生长--逐月气候因子的关系有所不同。因此应当考虑生长--气候因子之间的非线性关系以及物种和性别因素对生长--气候关系的影响,以期完善植株生长对气候的响应机制。