人工诱导海水鱼类雌核发育的研究进展

近三十年来,国内外海水鱼类的增养殖业发展迅速,尤其以提高增养殖鱼类产量和质量为主要目的的染色体组工程已成为海水鱼类育种的热点.作为一种实用的染色体组操作技术,雌核发育是在雌核控制下的发育,精子只作为"激活源",入卵后不形成雄核,所以后代的遗传特质仅仅来源于母性亲本.     

网箱培育军曹鱼亲鱼及人工育苗研究

12月底从海上网箱挑选14尾1 5龄以上,健康、外表无伤的军曹鱼(Rachycentron cana dum),移至陆地盖有顶棚的大水泥池进行强化培育。经过4个月左右的培养,结果显示,亲鱼在陆地强化培育比在海区网箱提前约7 d成熟并自然产卵。受精卵在室内育苗池进行人工育苗,在海水比重为1. 020±0. 5,pH 8 1~8 4,水温在27. 0、29. 2 ℃时,仔鱼孵出时间分别为26、24 h,孵化率为88 .8%~93 .5%。孵出后的仔鱼在第7~9天为死亡高峰期,第11天左右的仔鱼体色有明显的变化,由棕红色变为黑色。经过1个月的培养,仔鱼的成活率约为9%。     

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.     

赤麻鸭（Tadorna ferruginea）的人工孵化初探

2011年4—5月,对徐州金桥禽业发展有限公司养殖的赤麻鸭所产的44枚卵进行了人工孵化研究。其中43枚卵受精,出雏35枚,4枚在孵化中期死胚,5枚为27d落盘后啄壳困难而死亡,受精卵的孵化率为81．40％。孵化温度前期为38．5℃;中期为38．2℃;后期为37．8℃,落盘后温度降为37．5℃。赤麻鸭卵鲜重为（79．80±6．72）g,长径为（66．10±2．53）mnq,短径为（46．40±1．45）／mm,卵形指数为1．43±0．06,出雏后的卵壳等剩余物质重（12．60±1．07）g,新生雏鸟重占鲜卵重的（67．20±3．71）％。卵总失重率为17％。孵化期间的卵重（Y）与孵化天数（x）之间的线性方程为Y=一0．9071x＋81．019（R2=0．9997,P〈0．01）,根据卵失重方程可以比较准确地推算出赤麻鸭卵的孵化天数。     

Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young Aquilaria malaccensis trees in the nursery

Fungi are often used to induce agarwood inAquilariatrees. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungi on agarwood formation over time in youngAquilaria malaccensis （Lam.） trees. Typical changes in the length and light intensity of the resulting discoloration were observed after three and six month periods following inoculation. Wood samples were observed microscopically and classified into several light intensity groups. The discoloration length was meas-ured longitudinally. The duration after inoculation affected the mean of discoloration length： the 6-month old sample （1.70 cm） had a wider discoloration zone when compared to the 3-month old sample （1.17 cm）. When measuring the discoloration intensity, a positive relationship with time was perceived. Digital images, captured using a camera-equipped microscope, revealed that wood samples collected after six months appeared to be 1.8-times darker than after three months. We concluded that time, not the species of any of the tested fungi, had significant effect on discoloration length and intensity. Gas chromatography/mass spec-trometry （GCMS） analysis of the 6-month old sample yielded some important agarwood compounds such as benzylacetone, anisylacetone, guaiene and palustrol. This demonstrates that the tested fungi have the ability to induce agarwood formation in nurseryA. malaccensis trees.     

海珠湿地一期南地块建设及其启示

文章说明海珠湿地一期南地块的建造理念和施工要领,并介绍改造河道生态水系及塑造景观的方法。通过丰富的水生植物配置和园林造景手法的运用营造人工果园湿地生态环境,使之形成自然、野趣的湿地景观体系,成为一道美丽的水乡生态景观长廊。     

添加稀土元素的配合饲料对中国对虾生长效果的研究

本文讨论了添加稀土元素的配合饲料对中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）生长效果的影响，从试验中得到了以下结论。（１）添加稀土元素的配合饲料对其有促生长作用，其适宜添加量为３０～１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，其中以添加６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ为最适宜，该组增长比为１３５，增重比为１５０（对照组为１００）。（２）成活率有不同，但差别不明显，说明稀土元素对其成活率无明显影响。（３）用添加６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ稀土元素的饲料在     

粗唇鮠(LeiocassiscrassilabrusGünther)人工繁殖的初步研究

采捕野生粗唇鮠成鱼，驯养培育半年，使之达到性成熟。采用鲤鱼脑垂体与释放激素类似物等混合催产剂，分两次注射。在27℃～28℃的水温下，其效应时间为15h，催产率达90％。粗唇鮠卵具强粘性，人工授精时用任氏液适当稀释，用网板粘卵，在“蜂巢式”孵化槽内微流水孵化。采用以上技术，卵的受精率为71％，胚胎发育时间为50h。初孵仔鱼有3d左右的附着期，出膜4d后开口，其开口饵料为小型枝角类。     

温室无沙养鳖工艺的初步研究

温室无沙养鳖法是对传统的有沙养鳖进行重大改革，其主要特点是能克服底质和池水极易污染的问题，从而改善栖息环境，提高放养密度。“人工鳖巢”是一种较理想的栖息隐蔽物，有它替代河沙，排污比较彻底，洗池省工省时。试验证明，无沙养鳖法具有高产、优质、低成本，以及观察检查，饲养管理和干池捕鳖均很方便等优点。这种新工艺对稚鳖和幼鳖都适用，但它是一项综合性的养殖技术，除用“人工鳖巢”替代河沙作鳖的栖息隐蔽物外，在饲     

鼠尾藻有性繁育及人工育苗技术的初步研究

对鼠尾藻有性繁育规律进行观察、研究。鼠尾藻雌、雄异株,在黄海北部其生殖季节是7月上中旬,高光照和升温可促进精卵成熟,鼠尾藻在海区和室内都可正常完成受精。干露1~2h能促进幼孢子体生长,幼孢子体在实验范围的光照强度(1000~4000lx)下,光照越强生长越快;在试验盐度(21~40)范围内均可正常生长。在此基础上建立起了鼠尾藻人工苗种繁育技术,并对鼠尾藻有性繁育技术中存在的问题及今后研究的方向进行了分析。