成都地区巨桉引种栽培初步研究

成都市1999年开始引种巨桉,目前栽植面积达2000hm2;但由于林地土壤条件不同,多为种子繁殖苗木造林,加之经营措施粗放,林分生长差异较大。本文通过对成都地区引种栽培的巨桉人工林生长情况及立地条件调查,提出了影响巨桉林生长的主要立地因子为土壤酸减性、土层厚度和土壤肥力。成都发展巨桉短轮伐期工业原料林,应选择在平原区,海拔800m以下的低山丘陵区,并且土层厚度在40cm以上的酸性至中性土壤立地条件。在土层深厚肥沃、地势平缓、立地条件好的造林地,造林株行距可采用2m×4m。对个体分化严重的人工林,应从抚育间伐、去劣留优和增施有机肥、培肥地力等方面改良群体结构和生长环境,提高单位面积蓄积量。     

在人工接种和自然感虫情况下美洲黑杨后代对桑天牛抗性的研究

杨树 (Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｐｐ .)是我国主要造林和工业用材树种之一 ,据统计我国杨树人工林面积达 666×1 0 4ｈｍ2 (王世绩 ,1 995 )。但杨树天牛危害十分猖獗 ,其中光肩星天牛 (Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ)和黄斑星天牛 (Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｎｏｂｉ     

杉木人工林地力衰退研究概述

介绍了我国杉木人工林地力衰退的现状，从森林土壤条件、杉木人工林的营养循环特点和人为经营措施等方面分析了导致杉木人工林地力衰退的原因，提出营建人工复层林、林地施肥、适当延长轮伐期，加强植被管理和进行定位观测等措施防止地力衰退。     

人工更新造林成效分析研究

黑龙江省国有林区有计划地开展人工更新造林是从1951年开始的,截止2005年底人工更新造林面积484.3万hm2,其中:保存面积287.4万hm2,面积保存率为59.4%,为总结人工林发展的历史经验,指导人工林经营事业的健康发展,对人工更新造林失败原因、保存面积的树种结构与蓄积进行了分析。     

可变密度蓄积量的BP网络模型

在森林经营过程中,及时掌握森林资源的现状,预测其发展趋势对森林资源的宏观经营决策和管理十分重要。本文根据金沟岭林场的实际情况,采用人工神经网络方法建立了基于人工神经网络的混交林可变密度蓄积量BP网络模型,采用回归方程适应性检验法分别对模型的拟合效果进行适应性检验,检验结果表明所有模型是实用的,不存在系统偏差,表明用人工神经网络的方法对森林资源进行预测是可行的,可以满足林业生产经营的精度要求。     

长白落叶松丰产林造林密度及其经济效益初探

本文以长白山落叶松人工林的造林初植密度为研究对象,在5种不同初植密度下,优选出适于黑龙江省利用世界银行贷款集约经营人工林项目合理密度。建筑材林分的合理初植密度为3000株/ha,纤维材林分为3300株/ha。     

Somatic embryo culture for propagation,artificial seed production,and conservation of sawara cypress (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis pisifera</Emphasis> Sieb. et Zucc.)

 Somatic embryogenesis in Chamaecyparis pisifera Sieb. et Zucc. was initiated from immature seeds collected from the end of June to early July. Mass propagation through adventitious shoot bud production from somatic embryo culture on Woody Plant (WP) medium and artificial seed production using sodium alginate was achieved. A high bud forming index value (25.8) was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. The conversion rates from artificial seeds under aseptic and nonaseptic conditions were 60%–100% and 10%–12%, respectively. For germplasm conservation, somatic embryos and embryogenic cells were successfully stored at 4°C (medium-term storage) and in liquid nitrogen for long-term storage. Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: August 1, 2002 Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation and in part by a Grant for Research for the Future Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Correspondence to:E. Maruyama     

Variations in soil chemical properties and microbial biomass in artificial gaps in silver fir stands

Changes in soil chemical and microbiological parameters in small (185 m²) and medium (410 m²) gaps, created in mature silver fir (Abies alba Mill) stands (mean height 30 m) in the Calabrian Apennines (Southern Italy), were studied over 2 years. Medium gaps had high soil temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and low soil moisture. Within small gaps we detected a greater amount of organic matter, with respect to under canopy cover sites and medium gaps. Moreover, a different trend of the organic matter between small and medium gaps was observed. In the medium gaps, with respect to under canopy cover sites and small gaps, we found a relatively low content of organic matter, associated to a lower amount of humic acid, which suggested that the organic substrate undergoes a mineralization rather than a humification process. An opposite trend was observed in small gaps, where the increase of organic matter content, associated to an increase of humic acid and microbial biomass, suggested a better humification process. Moreover, in small gaps the highest level of urease and the greatest fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis were observed. The different trend of organic matter observed in small and medium gaps may be related to changes in the environmental conditions. PAR transmittance, significantly higher in medium gaps, contributed to increase soil temperature and decrease soil moisture, affecting soil microbial populations and organic matter trend. These results suggest that the creation of small gaps represents the silvicultural practice with minor environmental impact.     

人造板调施胶工艺过程自控系统设计

针对吉林某人造板厂调施胶生产线所面临的问题,基于OMRON C200HS开发了一套人造板调施胶工艺过程控制系统。笔者详细地介绍了开发人造板调施胶工艺过程自控系统的硬件实现和软件实现、自控系统的工作原理及所实现的功能。生产实践证明该自控系统能够满足调施胶工艺的各项性能指标要求,而且具有较强的鲁棒性,以及良好的抗干扰性。     

陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚(TP)、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响。选取1日龄雄性北京鸭192只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只。以储存3年玉米作为能量原料,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(不添加饲料抗氧化剂),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg TP、维生素E和BHT的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高1~21日龄和22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),BHT对肉鸭生长性能无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及42日龄血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05);BHT能显著提高21日龄血清T-AOC以及21和42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05)。由此可见,陈玉米饲粮中添加TP和维生素E对肉鸭生长性能以及抗氧化功能均有不同程度的改善,而BHT只改善了肉鸭的抗氧化功能。陈玉米饲粮中添加TP效果最好。