不同淀粉含量玉米品种籽粒淀粉积累特性比较

本研究以两个高淀粉玉米品种和两个普通玉米品种为试验材料,研究了高淀粉玉米与普通玉米在籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉动态积累的差异。结果表明：灌浆过程中4个品种淀粉含量变化趋势均呈＂S＂型曲线变化;高淀粉玉米和普通玉米在灌浆初期籽粒直链淀粉含量并无显著差异,而在灌浆中后期才逐渐表现差异;与直链淀粉积累不同,两个高淀粉品种籽粒支链淀粉含量在灌浆初期就明显高于两个普通玉米品种,籽粒灌浆前期平均灌浆速率与最大灌浆速率高有利于籽粒支链淀粉的积累;籽粒总淀粉积累的差异主要是由于支链淀粉积累的不同造成的,直链淀粉积累差异不明显。     

用双波长分光光度法测定鲜食玉米中直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量

以碘为显色剂,应用双波长分光光度法测定了鲜食玉米中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量。根据碘-直链淀粉和碘-支链淀粉复合物的吸收光谱,选择直链淀粉的测定波长为629 nm和463 nm,支链淀粉的测定波长为553 nm和738 nm,并依据回归方程求出直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量。直链淀粉的含量在10~60 mg/L、支链淀粉在60~200 mg/L范围内符合比耳定律。用双波长法测定不同品种鲜食玉米中直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量取得了良好的效果。     

23份莲资源直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量测定

为了研究莲资源直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量,并为莲藕的遗传育种研究和加工利用提供基础数据,本研究采用单波长比色法对从干燥的莲藕地下茎中分离提纯的直、支链淀粉含量进行测定。结果表明,测定的23份莲藕材料中直、支链淀粉含量差异较大,平均直链淀粉含量占干物质总量的5.42%,支链淀粉含量占干物质总量的23.81%。根据支链淀粉含量可将23份莲藕淀粉分为三个类群,高支链淀粉品种,包括京1号、汈汊湖野莲、泰Ⅵ;中等支链淀粉品种,包括山庙、白湘莲、绿国紫鹃等12个品种;低支链淀粉品种,有红花建莲、太空莲36号、泰Ⅲ等8个品种。     

储藏对稻米淀粉结构及含量的影响

综述了储藏对稻米淀粉的含量及其结构影响。分析了稻米淀粉的结构,讨论了储藏对稻米直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量与结构的影响。在此基础上,提出加强储藏过程中稻米中支链淀粉和直链淀粉中不溶性组分的含量及其结构变化等的研究,将有利于解析储藏过程中稻米淀粉特性的变化及其对稻米品质的影响。     

Lipid oxidation and amylopectin molecular weight changes occurring during storage of extruded starch samples

Using thermomechanical extrusion, waxy maize starch and 4% (w/w) lipid were formed into strips. The lipids used were free fatty acids (mostly linoleic) and antioxidant stripped sunflower oil (either previously oxidised or fresh, with and without copper ions). By altering their water content it was possible to store, at the same temperature, sample strips in the glassy and rubbery states. Lipid oxidation was monitored by determining hexanal in the headspace above all stored samples. The molecular weights of the amylopectin in the samples of extruded products (dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, precipitated and redissolved using a pressure cell) were determined by asymmetric flow-field-flow fractionation, analytical ultracentrifugation and light scattering. The initial rate of hexanal generation was higher in samples stored in the glassy state compared with those in the rubbery state. Waxy maize and extruded samples, at the start of the storage period and after 42 days, were used to establish the molecular weight of the amylopectin. A significant fall (a decrease of 40%) in molecular weight was found on storage of samples containing sunflower oil and copper ions and those containing free fatty acids, irrespective of the method used for molecular weight determination.