中甸牦牛

全面介绍了中甸牦牛的产地自然生态环境,品种形成,外貌特征,适应性和生产性能。     

苜蓿抗寒性及根蘖性状的表现与过氧化物酶同工酶关系的研究

测定了根蘖型和直根型苜蓿根、茎、芽的过氧化物酶同工酶的变化。结果表明,两类根系苜蓿同工酶谱带数目的变化均与季节温度变化相一致,但根蘖型苜蓿的数值明显大于直根型苜蓿,说明前者抗寒越冬力强于后者。变温处理后,４种抗寒性不同的苜蓿品种同工酶谱带数目及活性下降的顺序是：根蘖型苜蓿＜陇东苜蓿＜晋南苜蓿＜猎人河苜蓿。根蘖型苜蓿和直根型苜蓿根组织过氧化物酶谱明显不同,说明苜蓿根组织过氧化物酶同工酶的变化可能与控制根蘖性状的基因表达相关。     

葡萄新品种--爱格丽

以 3个欧亚葡萄栽培品种及其 2个中间杂交种为亲本 ,经过 15年培育出酿酒葡萄新品种‘爱格丽’ (Ecolly)。该品种除保持亲本的优质、丰产、抗寒性状以外 ,其最突出的特点是抗病性强 ,霜霉病病情指数为 16.5 ,是对照的 46.6%。适合酿造优质干白葡萄酒。     

淡水环境中可溶有机质研究进展

论述了淡水环境中可溶有机质(DOM)在分离与分析方法、来源与特征,以及环境意义等方面的研究进展。指出了在分离方法上,从XAD树脂分离到反渗透膜分离已经发展出各种分离技术;在分析方法上,现代波谱分析技术得到了广泛应用。DOM是由在来源、年龄、存在状态、后生改造等方面存在巨大差异的不同有机质混合构成的,因而呈现出十分复杂的非均质结构。DOM通过其自身的生物可利用性、改变有机污染物和重金属的生物可利用性及其耗氧能力影响环境质量,而且其自身的一些地球化学特征也能用来反映环境的变化特点。最后简述了湿地淡水环境中DOM的研究趋势和展望。     

运用形态特征和分支、表征方法探讨广义花楸属( Sorbus L. ) 属下分类关系

 选取了广义花楸属(Sorbus L. ) 属下6个亚属的34种植物作为研究对象, 并以Pyrus, Crataegus, Photinia, Malus和Cotoneaster作为外类群, 对其典型的30个形态性状数据进行编码, 采用分支分析和表征分析的方法研究花楸属属下类群的分类关系。结果表明, 广义花楸属是一个非单系类群, 外类群完全镶嵌于其中; 属下的6个亚属各自不能形成单系, 只有花楸亚属( Subgenus Sorbus) 形成不严格的单系。作者初步认为, 花楸属应该仅包含复叶类群( Subgenus Sorbus) , 或者还会有Subgenus Cormus。由于其余的4个亚属尚不能形成规则的单系或聚类, 故进一步的研究宜采用分类群的更多性状或运用分子系统学的途径。     

Wild fruit resources and exploitation in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

The ornamental characters, nutritious composition, edible value and medical value of thirteen kinds of major wild fruit resources in Xiaoxing’an Mountains Region were synthetically analyzed such asRosa spp.,Actinidia spp. and so on. The results showed that the wild fruit resources in this region had important garden ornamental value, edible value and medical value. A lot of good germplasm resources and honey plant resources hadn’t been effectively protected and enough utilized. The right way of appropriate arrangement and reasonable exploitation of wild fruit resources in this region should be benefit to get rid of economic crisis early in this region. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

江淮稻区水稻品种主要品质性状表现和农艺性状演变特点分析

通过对江淮稻区种植的主要粳稻品种的品质和二十多年来育成的中粳品种(系)农艺性状演变趋势进行了分析,结果表明,外观品质性状中的垩白率偏高和垩白度大是引起该稻区稻米品质不良的主要原因,随着产量水平的提高,在主要农艺性状中,有着单位面积穗数下降、总颖花数和每穗实粒数上升、着粒密度增加、株高变高、穗长变短、结实率和千粒重提高、生育期变长的趋势。产量水平的提高主要是由穗粒数增加引起的。近些年来,选育出的直立穗型粳稻品种数量明显增加,弯曲穗型粳稻品种数量急剧下降。     

Morphological variation in the short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia) in Ecuador,with comments on the practical and philosophical aspects of boundaries among species

The mechanisms for the morphological delimitation of species in Carollia remain poorly understood. This is the first study to assess variation in size and shape from strictly geometric terms. Both factors are assessed by statistical perspectives of distribution, overlap and relative distances. Despite its overlap, the size of the skull seems to be the most influential character for the discrimination of species, with shape playing a much smaller role. The smallest species seems to be the most distinct in shape, not only in terms of distance among centroids in morphometric space, but also in the overall trend and direction of variation. Contrary to previous studies, sexual dimorphism is not given by size but by distinct shapes of the skull. Characters such as the shape of the maxilla, previously described qualitatively as discrete with sharp boundaries, appear to be truly continuous with fuzzy borders among species. Because morphometric space is a gamut of continuous variation and overlap, the taxonomic error rate for size characters seems to be substantial for the medium-sized species (Carollia brevicauda Schinz, 1821), with approximately 30–40% of individuals erroneously assigned to a different species after a jackknifed discriminant function. This taxonomic error is higher for shape characters. Morphological, systematic and ecological consequences of the observed patterns of shape and size variation are commented within the context of previously proposed arguments and hypotheses.     

干旱对不同地力水平、不同品种小麦生育性状及产量的影响

在相同的水分条件下 ,对不同地力水平、不同品种小麦的生育性状及产量进行比较。研究结果表明 ,小麦品种 9350 31在高肥力条件下表现突出 ,鲁麦 2 1适应性广 ,在中、低肥力地块上表现最佳     

自然冷资源低温储藏仓设计与稻谷储藏试验

为解决稻谷在高温干燥和储藏过程中品质损失问题,设计了自然冷资源低温储藏仓,利用冬季环境下形成的自然冰为高含水率稻谷制冷,以减少高温干燥稻谷工序并减少储藏期间稻谷的品质劣变。试验检测自然冷资源低温储藏仓内稻谷的储藏品质与加工品的变化,并与传统常温仓做对比,结果表明:所设计的自然冷资源低温储藏仓供冷均匀、能耗低、无污染,其制冷系统的能效比为3.54;初始含水率为16.5%的高含水率稻谷在自然冷资源低温储藏仓中能安全储藏5个月,平均含水率呈缓慢下降趋势,最终达到(15.1±0.5)%;自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷粮温稳定,平均粮温为9.8℃;储藏期结束后,稻谷脂肪酸质量比为18.3 mg/(100 g),发芽率为86.75%,霉菌总数为5.1×104CFU/g,自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷的出糙率和整精米率比常温储藏的稻谷分别提高了5.41个百分点和9.57个百分点,裂纹率比常温仓的稻谷降低了13.88个百分点,自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷的储藏品质和加工品质显著优于常温仓中稻谷。