蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应

以阔叶空心菜为试材，研究蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应。结果表明：绿化阶段结束时处理L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1（光强7 000 lx，红光∶蓝光∶白光为4∶1∶1）的脱壳率显著高于其他处理；光强为7 000 lx 时，3 种光质处理的蕹菜芽苗菜可食部分干质量均显著高于白光对照；光照强度过高显著影响叶绿素的累积，高光强（L₁₁₀₀₀）下的叶绿素a、叶绿素b 含量及叶绿素总量随红光比例的增加而降低，同时子叶白化现象越发明显；不同光强条件下，3 种光质处理的抗坏 血酸含量均随着红光比例的增加而降低，而可溶性糖含量处理间差异不显著；主成分分析结果表明，L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1 在本试验条件下表现最佳，是较适宜蕹菜芽苗菜工厂化生产的LED 光源配方。     

油料作物油脂合成调控研究进展

植物油脂不仅是人类可食用油的主要来源,也是人类生产生活中重要的可再生原料。本文概述了植物油脂的生物合成途径,从母体效应、QTL、GWAS等多个方面总结了油料作物油脂合成的遗传学研究进展,同时探讨了已知的油脂合成调控相关基因的功能。本文综述了该领域的研究现状,为深入了解油料作物油脂合成调控网络提供了参考,也为油料作物的分子改良和遗传育种提供了理论基础。     

Characterization and pathogenicity of six Cytospora strains causing stem canker of wild apple in the Tianshan Forest,China

Cytospora species are capable of causing destructive cankers of stems belonging to a wide range of woody plant species. In severe cases, cankers may lead to dieback of twigs and branches. Little is known about the Cytospora species causing canker disease of wild apple (Malus sieversii) trees in the Wild Fruit Forest Reserve in Tianshan Forest, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, six Cytospora isolates belonging to two species were isolated from cankerous lesions of wild apple twigs. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis using three DNA markers (ITS, tef1‐α and tub2) and morphological characterization, these isolates were identified as Cytospora mali and Cytospora parasitica. Temperature trials (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) showed that the optimal growth temperature for six isolates was 25°C. At a variety of temperatures, C. mali isolates tended to grow faster than isolates of C. parasitica, with the C. mali isolate, EGI1 performing better than others with regard to growth rate. Morphological observations showed that these species exhibited a single locule without conceptacles, and the conidia length was 3–5 μm. In vitro inoculation trials of twigs and leaves of M. sieversii seedlings revealed that the C. mali isolates were highly virulent phytopathogenic fungi, whereas the C. parasitica isolates were less virulent. The isolate EGI1 was the most virulent isolate among the six isolates. This paper presents the first report of pathogenic Cytospora spp. of the M. sieversii Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Reserve of Yili, Xinjiang in China. It will aid in the understanding of how apple tree cankers are induced and provide disease management guidelines for M. sieversii forest conservation.     

蔬菜农药残留检测中基质效应影响因素分析

为了提高农药检测的准确率,试验选择气相色谱(7890A、1310)与气相串联质谱(GCMS-MS)3种不同仪器,结球白菜、结球甘蓝、黄瓜、辣椒4种蔬菜样品及其基质标准溶液和正己烷溶剂标准溶液,对4种不同蔬菜中分别添加腐霉利、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯4种农药并进行回收校正,比较不同的校正溶液、不同仪器以及不同的样品类型对蔬菜农药残留检测中的基质效应的影响。结果显示:按不同基质标准溶液和溶剂标准溶液校正的检测结果分类,不同蔬菜、不同的标准校正溶液对于农药残留检测中的基质效应表现出多样性和复杂性的特点。但采用与本底一致的基质标准溶液校正样品可有效消除基质效应。按不同仪器检测结果分类,气相色谱(7890A、1310)与气相串联质谱(GC-MS-MS)基质效应的影响存在一定的差异,GC-MS-MS存在较为明显的基质增强效应;而同类仪器(7890A、1310)之间基质效应的影响较小。     

基于SSR标记的贵州野生白三叶遗传多样性分析

采用SSR分子标记技术,对贵州22份野生白三叶(Trifolium repens)样品遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行了研究.结果表明,利用20对SSR引物共扩增出202条带,其中169条带具有多态性,多态性位点达83％;根据SSR标记的多态性计算不同采样地野生白三叶样品之间的遗传距离(GD),22份样品之间遗传距离介于0.140 6～0.630 4之间,说明样品间遗传差异较大;聚类分析结果,当相似系数为0.64时,22份白三叶被分成3类:第1类只有W14,表明W14与其余材料的亲缘关系较远;第2类包括W2、W4、W8、W18居群,表明这4个居群相似性较大,遗传距离较近;第3类包括17个居群,居群间有着复杂的遗传关系.研究结果表明,22份贵州野生白三叶的遗传多样性十分丰富.     

Rapid mapping of candidate genes for cold tolerance in Oryza rufipogon Griff. by QTL-seq of seedlings

Cold stress is a major problem in rice production. To rapidly identify genes for cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice(DWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis of QTL-seq method was used to resequence the extremely resistant(R) and susceptible(S) bulks of a backcross inbred lines(BILs) population(derived from Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon) and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)-index graphs and corresponding Δ(SNPindex) graphs(at 99 and 95% confidence levels) for R-and S-bulks detected a total of 2 609 candidate SNPs, including 58 candidate cold-tolerance genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that 5 out of the 58 candidate genes had significant differences in expression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. Structural variation and functional annotations of the 5 candidate genes were also analyzed, and allowed us to identify 2 insertion-deletion(InDel) markers(12-7 and 12-16) that were linked with candidate genes on chromosome 12 in DWR. These results are helpful for cloning and using cold tolerance genes from common wild rice in cultivated rice.     

不同施肥方式对红壤蔬菜田氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌群落的影响

通过构建氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)克隆文库,研究在红壤蔬菜田上只施用磷钾化肥(PK)、只施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、施用腐熟有机肥(DNPK)和施用新鲜有机肥(FNPK)等4种不同施肥处理的土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)群落多样性及与土壤脲酶活性的相关性。结果表明:施加有机肥处理(DNPK和FNPK)的蔬菜田土壤的AOB文库和AOA文库OTU数量和Shannon指数高于只施用无机肥(NPK和PK)处理的蔬菜田土壤;DNPK和FNPK处理的土壤优势AOB菌群为多形亚硝化叶菌(Nitrosolobus multiformis),比例分别为88.5%和68.5%,NPK和PK处理的土壤优势AOB菌群为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosospirasp.),比例分别为54.8%和65.5%;DNPK、FNPK、NPK和PK处理土壤优势AOA菌群均为阿伯丁土壤亚硝化细杆菌侯选种(CandidatusNitrosotalea devanaterra),比例分别为90.9%、84.4%、77.8%和45.2%;施加有机肥处理(DNPK和FNPK)的土壤脲酶活性和氨氧化微生物的多样性指数都高于只施用无机肥处理(NPK和PK);AOA群落多样性指数与土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关,而AOB群落多样性与土壤脲酶活性相关性不显著。总体来看,有机肥比无机肥处理提高了AOA和AOB群落多样性,且AOA在红壤蔬菜田土壤氨氧化过程中起着更为重要的作用。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法同时测定蔬菜中7种磺胺的残留量

为建立超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中7种磺胺残留量的方法。样品用1%乙酸乙腈提取，以C18色谱柱分离待测物，采用多反应监测(MRM)离子扫描模式，外标法进行定量，线性良好，相关系数均大于0.999。结果显示：7种磺胺的检出限为0.000 4～0.000 6 mg/kg，样品添加回收率为67.5%～94.1%，相对标准偏差均少于5.3%(n＝6)。该方法简单快捷、定量准确，可满足多种蔬菜中7种磺胺的残留检测要求。     

基于溯源技术的蔬菜基地管理系统开发与应用

蔬菜是我国重要的农产品,其质量安全问题关系着国计民生,一直是社会关注的重点。当前我国的蔬菜产品质量安全问题仍然十分广泛和严重,问题蔬菜的来源去向不明、责任不清,企业对蔬菜种植基地的管理缺乏有效的信息管理手段,消费者对购买蔬菜缺乏有效可靠的信息获取途径。因此,从信息技术的角度构建了一个基于溯源技术的蔬菜基地管理系统,详细介绍了蔬菜溯源码的设计、系统的开发环境、业务流程与主要功能,并重点阐述以规程控制为农业生产指导的蔬菜安全管理模式。系统的开发与应用,实现了"问题蔬菜"的企业内部溯源,以及消费者通过手机查询蔬菜溯源信息,为蔬菜企业提供了对基地种植进行质量管理的信息化工具,为政府提供了一种溯源系统解决方案。