固体废弃物堆肥还田对制种玉米田理化性质和玉米产量及经济效益的影响

在河西走廊的制种玉米田,采用田间小区试验方法,将几种农业固体废弃物按比例混合,经发酵处理后,施入土壤,研究了固体废弃物对制种玉米田理化性质和玉米产量及经济效益的影响,结果表明:固体废弃物糠醛渣、牛粪、玉米秸秆、羊粪,各物料容积比为0.500:.20:0.20:0.10,施用量为45.00 t hm-2,改土培肥效应最佳,与ck(对照)比较,土壤总孔隙度、团粒结构、有机质、速效N、速效P、速效K、CEC分别增加了8.31%、8.73%、3.86 g kg-1、21.42 mg kg-1、7.47 mg kg-1、42.67 mg kg-1、13.07 cmol kg-1;自然含水量、贮水量分别增加了84.71 gkg-18、9.54 m3 hm-2;玉米增产量、增产值、利润分别增加了2.03万元hm-20、.51万元hm-2、和0.32万元hm-2;而土壤容重降低了0.22 g cm-3。土壤长期施用粉煤灰和生活垃圾将会导致土壤中重金属离子的富集;而长期施用锯末和糠醛渣不会引起土壤重金属离子的富集。处理间的差异显著性经LSR检验达到显著和极显著水平。     

原料差异对厌氧消化微生物群落的影响

以餐厨垃圾、果蔬垃圾、麦秸3种不同原料分别进行厌氧消化,研究了各反应器在最佳运行条件下的消化特性和微生物群落组成。结果表明：VS产气率由高到低依次为餐厨垃圾（756.4mL·g-1VS-1）、麦秸（696.5mL·g-1VS-1）和果蔬垃圾（433.5mL·g-1VS-1）,甲烷含量在51.5%～55.1%之间,利用PCR-DGGE技术系统地分析了不同原料消化系统内细菌和古菌的群落结构构成及差异。结果表明,虽然3组样品中细菌和古菌的群落存在相同的优势微生物,但其数量和群落结构差异也较为明显,细菌中以拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）以及古菌中甲烷鬃菌属（Methanosaeta）和甲烷螺菌属（Methanospirillum）均为样品共有的优势微生物。     

Establishment of total ammonia-nitrogen accumulation prediction model in two-phase anaerobic digestion of OFMSW and its verification

Nitrogen transformation characteristic experiments of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in a batch hydrolysis-UASB two-phase anaerobic digestion are carried out to solve the problems of total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) accumulation and obtain appropriate key process control parameters. Based on the experiment results, TAN accumulation prediction model in the two-phase anaerobic digestion of OFMSW with digestive effluent reuse is established. And then with the prediction model analyzed, reflux ratio is obtained as a key process control parameter to prevent TAN accumulation. In the end, verification tests are designed to validate the feasibility and practicability of resolving TAN accumulation by controlling reflux ratio. In verifying experiment, when reflux ratio is set at 0.85, TAN concentration of UASB effluent is increased to a constant value, which is 1 900 mg/L. Furthermore, the accumulated TAN has no negative influence on the population and activity of methanogens, on the contrary, it develops the buffer capacity to acid and alkaline and keeps the anaerobic system more steadily. To sum up, a method of resolving the problem of TAN accumulation by controlling reflux ratio of digestive effluent has been ascertained radically, and the method can be used in the preventing of ammonia inhibition in two-phase anaerobic digestion process.     

Bearing capacity of solid waste ground reinforced by stone column

Based on presented tests of improvement of solid waste ground by stone column, the failure mode of lateral expansion of column body can be found. It is assumed that solid waste surrounding column is in Rankin's positive limit situation caused by lateral expansion of column body, self weight solid waste and column is neglected, the calculation theory of limit bearing capacity of stone column can be extended on equilibrium of solid waste and column. The limit bear capacity of stone column can be calculated on parameters by complete tests and reference data. The heavy dynamic penetration tests were finished in stone column and the characteristic value of bearing capacity can be recommended on blow count. It is shown that bearing capacities of calculation and field test are close.     

Sugar beet waste and its component ferulic acid inhibits external mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

External arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) mycelium plays an important role in soil while interacting with a range of biotic and abiotic factors. One example is the soil organic amendment sugar beet waste. The fermented Aspergillus niger-sugar beet waste (ASB) increases growth and P uptake by the AM mycelium in soil whereas non-fermented waste (SB) had a strong inhibitory effect. The underlying mechanisms are not understood.We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify differences in composition of water extracts of ASB and SB. The chromatograms showed that ferulic acid was present in SB and absent in ASB. We compared the effects of the water extracts of SB and ASB and ferulic acid upon the growth of Glomus intraradices in in vitro monoxenic cultures.Hyphal growth of the AM fungus G. intraradices was extremely reduced in ferulic acid and SB treatments. Moreover, AM hyphae appeared disorganized, undulated and tangled. In contrast, ASB increased hyphal length and numbers of branched absorbing structures and of spores. We conclude that ferulic acid is one compound in SB which is responsible for its inhibition of AM extraradical growth. The relevance of these findings is discussed.     

逆流式气-气换热器的设计与性能试验

介绍了一种逆流式气-气换热器的结构、设计及工作过程,并利用数值计算与现场试验的方法对该换热器进行了性能测试。该气-气换热器采用聚丙烯（PP）塑料材料作为换热片,流体方向为逆流式换热。数值方法计算结果表明,换热器换热量与风量呈正相关关系,换热效率随热端风量的增大而提高：热端风量为4 475 m3/h时,换热效率为0.55～0.75;热端风量为7 800 m3/h时,换热效率为0.6～0.8。性能测试的结果表明,该换热器的实际换热效率与数值计算的换热效率基本吻合：热端风量为4 475 m3/h时,实测值为0.45～0.7;热端风量为7 800 m3/h时,实测值为0.65～0.9。因此,该PP逆流式气-气换热器具有很好的换热性能。     

重金属Zn对农业废弃物静态高温堆腐过程中理化性质和水解酶活性的影响

以猪粪、麦秸、废菌糠为原料并接种复合微生物菌剂,在静态堆腐条件下,研究了重金属Zn对堆肥过程中理化性质和水解酶活性变化影响.结果表明,不添加重金属Zn处理(CK)达到无害化的温度要求;添加Zn处理后,低剂量Zn处理(Zn浓度为400 mg/kg)高温期(>50℃)只持续3 d,高剂量Zn处理(Zn浓度为1000 mg/...     

生物反应器填埋场处理生活垃圾的研究进展

介绍了生物反应器填埋场的结构特点及其对渗滤液和微生物生态的影响,并概述了国内外有关生物反应器填埋场处理生活垃圾研究的主要类型和发展趋势.     

一体式膜生物反应器处理微污染污水的工程应用

工程使用的一体式膜生物反应器是针对微污染污水进行深度处理，实现废水资源化的高效工艺。应用表明，经膜生物反应器处理，系统运行稳定，出水水质优于城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质标准（GB／T18920-2002），可直接用于城市绿化、冲厕、扫除及洗车。具有良好的环境、经济和社会效益。