4种暖季型草坪草的抗旱性分析

对百喜草、假俭草、狗牙根和结缕草4种暖季型草坪草进行土壤持续干旱,测定叶片水分饱和亏、叶绿素、细胞膜相对透性等生理生化指标,并运用模糊隶属函数法进行抗旱性评价。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,狗牙根的水分饱和亏上升幅度最小,而土壤含水量显著高于其他品种,表明狗牙根的抗旱机制主要为保持体内高水势的御旱机制上;狗牙根的叶绿素含量下降幅度最小,相对电导率和丙二醛上升幅度也最小;运用隶属函数法得出百喜草、假俭草、狗牙根和结缕草的隶属函数值分别为:0.506、0.501、0.566和0.537,表明抗旱性强弱为狗牙根结缕草百喜草假俭草;在适合暖季型草坪草生长的干旱地区,狗牙根可以作为培植草坪的首选品种。     

遮荫对几种暖地型草坪草成坪速度及其景观效果的影响

对5种常见暖地型草坪草在不同遮荫条件的成坪速度及其景观效果进行研究观察,结果表明:天堂328、狗牙根、结缕草均随遮荫程度的加大,成坪速度显著减慢或不能成坪,假俭草、马尼拉在遮荫度37%、58%条件下,成坪速度超过对照水平或相当,因此认为,在遮荫地或林下种植草坪时,供试草种中应首选假俭草,其次为马尼拉,另外3个草种不宜作为耐荫草种利用;遮荫提高了各草坪草叶片的叶绿素含量,一定程度上增加了绿色景观效果;遮荫处理不同程度增加了草坪植株的高度、叶片长度、宽度、面积,但降低了叶片的厚度。     

暖季型草坪草的引种与评价

在深圳对１９个际型草坪草品种进行了年多的品比试验，筛选出５人绿地型品种和７个运动型品种。经排序和综合评价结果，绿地型品种当首推半细叶结缕草和细叶结缕草；运动型品种中，兰引１号狗牙根适合作高尔夫果岭草种，ＴｉｆｗａｙⅡ，新西兰狗牙根，Ｕ３，泰国狗牙根等狗牙根品种适宜建植高尔夫发球台和球道草坪，兰引３号结缕草和日本结缕草适宜建模足球场，高尔夫球道及长草区草坪。     

华南地区7个暖季型草坪草种的抗旱性与灌溉节水的初步研究

选取华南地区的主栽草种和经筛选驯化本土野生草共7个暖季型草坪草种进行抗旱性与灌溉周期田间试验,采用株体萎蔫生物学鉴定法结合生化测定,对草坪质量、草种的抗旱性及其与节水关系进行评价,按抗旱性强弱显著度和灌溉周期长短顺序划分3个级别：A级狗牙根Cynodon dactylon 5号、1号、4号;B级兰引3号Zoysia japonica cv.Lanyin 3、细叶结缕草Z.tenuifolia和假俭草Eremochloa ophiuroides;C级地毯草Axonopus compressus;且A级比C级灌溉节水约2/3,A级比B级、B级比C级节水1/2。     

牧草生产潜力模拟模型及其应用

牧草生产潜力模拟模型(For-PASM)是模拟牧草的生长和产量形成的应用模型。For-PASM包括常年模拟和牧草品种参数调试两个系统。各系统包含生长周期、叶面积动态、收割期与收割次数及光合生产和产量等模块。牧草的生长发育是由气候因素决定的,依据积温来确定牧草生育期和收获期,禾本科以抽穗期为收获期,豆科牧草以初花期为收获期。模型的功能是模拟牧草的收获期、产量季节性动态以及年产量。用四川雅安市多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam)和扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)生产数据进行检验。结果显示,For-PASM在模拟牧草收割期和牧草季节性的产量动态中,季节性干物质产量动态趋势与总产量均符合实际。     

草坪种子品种快速鉴定技术研究I超薄层等电聚焦(IEF)电泳技术

草坪草种的品种真实性鉴定是评定草种质量的重要指标.依据<国际种子检验规程>,采用等电聚焦电泳技术对适于西北地区的几种冷季型草坪草种进行了品种真实性鉴定研究,确定了两性电解质的pH值范围、酶提取液浓度及最佳取材时间,证明等电聚焦电泳方法是鉴别草坪草品种的有效测定技术.     

暖地型草坪绿叶生长剂对细叶结缕草抗冻蛋白活性的影响

对照的盆栽细叶结缕草Zoysia tenuifolia经低温(白天1 ℃,晚上-2℃)胁迫3 d后,或露地草坪在最低温度-3℃的冬季里均枯黄,也不诱导抗冻蛋白;与对照相比,预先用暖地型草坪绿叶生长剂处理的草坪则继续保持绿色,增加了CAT活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,增加了10多条蛋白带的活性(经SDS-PAGE电泳分析),而且增加了Rm 0.51和Rm 0.71两条蛋白带,诱导抗冻蛋白产生.     

不同PEG-6000浓度处理下几种冷季型草坪草抗旱性比较研究

研究了3种冷季型草坪草的6个品种在PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件下的生长表现和生理指标。结果表明:高羊茅的“家园”品种在干旱胁迫条件下具有较好的生长表现、在土壤中的根系分布最深、且能维持较高过氧化氢酶活性,表明其与其他供试品种相比具有较强的抗旱能力。     

Adaptability and productivity of some warm-season pasture species in a Mediterranean environment

Warm‐season grasses and legumes have the potential to provide forage throughout the Mediterranean summer when there are high temperatures and low rainfall and when cool‐season grasses become less productive. Twenty‐nine non‐native, warm‐season pasture species (twenty‐three grasses and six legumes) were assessed for their adaptability to the coastal plain of southern Italy in terms of their productivity and nutritional quality. The investigated species were compared with two reference species widely used in a Mediterranean environment: a grass (Festuca arundinacea) and a legume (Medicago sativa). The species differed in their phenological and biological characteristics, i.e. start of vegetative resumption, first flowering and cold resistance, from each other and from the control species. From the second year after establishment, warm‐season perennial grasses had high dry‐matter (DM) yields and, in many cases, a more than adequate nutritional quality. As for legumes, the control, M. sativa gave the best results in all the investigated characters. Among the grasses, seven species (Chloris gayana, Eragrostis curvula, Panicum coloratum, Paspalum dilatatum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Sorghum almum, Sorghum spp. hybrid) had DM yields greater than the control species and had their maximum growth during the hottest period of the year, when F. arundinacea, the control grass species, was dormant. Eragrostis curvula had the highest annual DM yield (21·1 t ha^?1) and P. clandestinum provided the best combination of agronomic and yield characteristics which were similar to those of M. sativa. The seven above‐mentioned species have the potential to supply hay or grazing and contribute to broadening and stabilizing the forage production calendar in Mediterranean‐type environments.     

应用灰色关联度分析法综合评价冷季型草坪草种

应用灰色关联度分析法,对2000~2002年沧州市农林科学院引进的4大草种37个品种的适应性鉴定结果进行分析,其评诂结果与草种、品种的实际表现基本一致,说明关联度分析法在冷季型草坪草种上的综合评估是可行的。