氮肥水平对杂交稻汕优63剑叶光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性的影响

用低氮(LN)、中氮(MN)、高氮(HN)盆栽土培的杂交水稻汕优63为材料,测定其剑叶的光合速率、RuBP羧化酶含量及活性、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量的变化.结果表明:随着氮水平的提高,叶面积增大,气孔密度减少,RuBP羧化酶活性和光合速率增加.随着叶龄的增加,三个不同氮水平的叶片中RuBP羧化酶蛋白下降均先于可溶性蛋白的下降;HN组的光     

Isolation and culture of grape vine cv. Chardonnay leaf protoplasts

Summary Experimental conditions were established that resulted in high yields and good viability of the protoplasts obtained from leaves of Vitis vinifera, cv. Chardonnay regenerated in vitro by somatic embryogenesis. The effect of factors of the culture medium and various environmental conditions upon the frequency of cell division has been examined, and a method of culture is described by which protoplasts were induced to begin division. Most protoplasts obtained in this way regenerated cell walls within the first few days and cell division occurred after 10 days of culture in a liquid medium. Some cells have divided two or even three times. Nevertheless, the cells did not continue dividing beyond this stage.     

The physiology of variation in the time of ear emergence among wheat varieties from different regions of the world

Summary Differences in response to photoperiod and vernalization and genetic variation independent of photoperiod and vernalization (earliness per se), affecting time of ear emergence of wheat, were identified in controlled environment experiments with 33 varieties of diverse geographical origin. The results were compared with an analysis of time of ear emergence of 10409 T. aestivum accessions from the USDA Small Grain Collection grown from autumn sowings in Pendleton, Oregon, and spring sowings in Fargo, North Dakota. The effect of differences in photoperiod and vernalization sensitivity on time of ear emergence was similar to the effect of earliness per se, both under controlled environment conditions and in the field. Most of the accessions from low latitude regions reached ear emergence rapidly owing to their insensitivity to photoperiod and vernalization and earliness per se factors accelerating ear emergence. Lateness was common among accessions from Northern Europe, Afghanistan and Turkey, which was due to sensitivity to photoperiod and vernalization, and to earliness per se factors delaying ear emergence. The physiological basis of earliness per se is discussed.     

夏玉米个体生长发育中叶片光合速率的动态特征

在夏玉米生育过程中,系统地测定了个体和单叶水平的光合速率动态过程以及对影响叶片光合速率的主要因素的分析表明:在个体水平内,每一叶片的动态表现形式基本相同。初步可分为四个连续的阶段:①Ph(净光合速率)和LA(叶面积)同步增长;②Ph、LA高值出现;③Ph缓降;④叶片衰老Ph速降。不同叶位叶片在光合速率的动态过程中所达到的     

凤梨叶缘变化规律及无性繁殖方式对叶刺性状稳定性的影响

【目的】分析不同凤梨品种叶缘变化规律,探讨叶刺性状在无性繁殖过程中的稳定性。【方法】以4种凤梨属植物共计14个栽培品种为材料,调查叶缘类型、叶刺形态,并以2个不同叶缘类型的品种为材料比较吸芽繁殖和组培繁殖对叶缘性状稳定性的影响。【结果】根据叶刺着生的位置、密度和有刺叶片所占比例等差异,可将凤梨植株的叶缘划分为完全无刺、仅叶尖有刺、偶尔有刺、偶尔无刺和全株有刺等5种类型;进而将凤梨品种划分为全株有刺、完全无刺和中间类型3类。全株有刺、完全无刺类型品种无论以吸芽繁殖还是组培繁殖,其后代叶缘类型稳定;而中间类型品种的无性繁殖后代则叶缘性状不稳定,即使以中间类型品种中完全无刺的吸芽进行繁殖,后代中仍然会出现仅叶尖有刺、偶尔有刺、偶尔无刺等3种叶缘类型的植株。叶刺是由叶片细胞向外延伸而形成,表面由一层较厚角质层所包裹,向上弯曲呈钩状,开张角度22°~55°,间距1.99~9.72 mm,长1.14~2.46 mm。将中间类型品种‘MD-2’中的全株无刺类型植株通过"以芽繁芽"方式增殖8~10代时,所得组培植株的叶缘有刺率平均4.3%;若不加选择地使用无刺或有刺的吸芽进行组培,8~10代时有刺率达47.78%,有刺率与田间吸芽繁殖情况没有显著差异。【结论】按叶缘状况可将凤梨属品种划分为全株有刺、完全无刺和中间类型3个种,无性繁殖时中间类型品种的叶缘性状不稳定。     

茭白鞘叶地埋式生物反应堆对大棚草莓生长及土壤肥力的影响

为实现茭白鞘叶的无害化处理与资源化利用,提高大棚草莓的产量、品质和土壤有机质含量,特开展本试验。试验结果表明,BR2(每667 m²埋施2000 kg茭白鞘叶)处理草莓产量达到2658.7 kg/667 m²,比对照常规处理增产31.02%;可溶性总糖、维生素C含量和糖酸比分别比对照处理提高35.54%、25.41%和21.30%;此外,与对照相比,BR2处理日平均增温最大可达到1.29℃,CO₂通量提高1.87~2.78倍,土壤有机质含量提高0.64%。     

家蚕养殖机械研究现状及发展趋势

栽桑养蚕历史悠久,养蚕工艺古老而传统,随着经济和社会的发展,养蚕作为劳动密集型的农业亟需轻简化、机械化、自动化、智能化等多层级的养蚕技术和装备。为此,本文从养蚕的各生产环节和作业要求出发,介绍了桑蚕养殖机械的研究现状和特点,总结了现在桑蚕养殖机械机械应用中存在的问题,同时展望了桑蚕养殖机械的研究发展趋势。     

山核桃营养乳加工工艺研究

分析测定了山核桃仁，松子仁中的营养成分，并以山核桃仁为主料，松子仁为辅料（山核桃仁，松子仁＝68：32）配制成山核桃营养乳，此外，还探讨了乳化剂，均质工艺对山核桃营养乳稳定性的影响，实验结果表明，以0．03％CMC，0．02％阿拉伯胶，0．02％琼脂，0．07％单甘酯作为复合乳化剂，30－35MPa，均质10－20min可达到良好的稳定效果。     

日粮添加干桑叶对郏县红牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉质性状影响的研究

试验旨在研究日粮中添加桑叶对郏县红牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选择健康、体重相近的12月龄郏县红牛公牛40头,随机分为4组。按照添加不同干桑叶比例分为对照组(青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅰ组(10%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅱ组(15%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅲ组(20%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)。预试期7 d,正式试验期180 d。结果表明:Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的平均日增重和平均采食量都高于对照组,平均日增重分别高5.10%、12.24%,差异显著(P<0.05),平均采食量分别高1.15%、2.94%,差异不显著(P>0.05),3个试验组料重比均低于对照组。Ⅱ组郏县红牛背膘厚度和大理石纹等级显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。相比对照组,Ⅱ组粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量提高了24.02%、7.89%。各组间背最长肌氨基酸的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的总氨基酸比对照组分别提高了1.57%、2.07%和3.79%。随着添加比例增加,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐下降,不饱和脂肪酸随着添加比例的增加而升高。试验表明,日龄添加干桑叶对郏县红牛生产性能无显著影响,但是可以提高粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量,有助于优质肉牛生产。     

模糊数学评判法在大麦若叶牛奶研制中的应用

为了研究大麦若叶牛奶的最佳配方,本试验以模糊数学评判法对产品感官品质评定的结果为指标,对蛋白质含量、大麦若叶粉的添加量、白砂糖的添加量和稳定剂的添加量四个因素进行正交试验筛选优化。结果表明,大麦若叶牛奶最佳配方为:蛋白含量2.3%,大麦若叶粉添加量1%,白砂糖添加量5%,稳定剂添加量0.3%。以该配方生产的大麦若叶牛奶其感官指标可完全满足预期要求。