Lederer粘度模型适用范围

基于140组北疆—吐哈、胜利—阿曼混合原油的粘度测量数据,对Lederer模型(经验常数α使用印度Shu关系式)的适用范围进行了研究,发现应用该模型计算高粘度比混合原油粘度时,存在一个临界温度,当混合原油温度在临界温度以上时,Lederer粘度模型具有很高的预测精度,其最小平均绝对相对偏差为3.97%,最大平均绝对相对偏差为9.15%;当在临界温度范围以下时,Lederer粘度模型的预测精度明显变差,其最小平均绝对相对偏差为13.57%,最大平均绝对相对偏差为109.8%,无法满足工程需要。这个临界温度随混合原油组分、混合比例不同而不同,一般低于高含蜡组分油的反常点。另外,还发现Lederer粘度模型预测值的平均相对偏差几乎全部为负偏差,即大部分预测值小于实测值,表明经验常数α引用Shu关系式还有待于修正。     

MEK-石脑油可回收稀释降粘输送工艺

概述了稠油的物性,分析了石脑油中加入MEK(甲基乙基酮)后对稠油的稀释降粘效果。介绍了MEK-石脑油可回收的稠油稀释降粘工艺流程,指出MEK-石脑油回收稀释降粘工艺虽比石脑油回收稀释降粘工艺增设了一套MEK回收装置,投资及运行成本略高,但其降粘效果较好,能够以较小的稀释比提高稠油的输送能力。     

马尾松硫酸盐浆两段氧脱木质素最佳工艺条件的研究

研究了马尾松硫酸浆两段氧脱木质素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明，第一段氧脱木质素的条件为：氧压0．6MPa，温度100℃，时间80min,NaOH 量5％，MgSO4用量0．5％，浆浓10％；第二段氧脱木质素的条件为：氧压0．4MPa，温度90℃，时间60min，NaOH用量3％，MgSO4用量0．5％，浆浓10％。在此条件下，OIOⅡ木质素脱除率达到72．5％，粘度775．2cm^3/g,得率90．5％。经过氧脱木质素后浆的裂断长5．8km，耐破指数5．3kPa.m^2/g，撕裂指数12．7mN.m^2/g。     

Digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and organ weights in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets supplemented with different levels of a soluble non-starch polysaccharide

The objective of the present study was to investigate if dietary soluble non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) increase digesta viscosity, reduce nutrient digestibility and increase organ weights in African catfish. The fish (mean weight 80 g) were fed diets supplemented with the soluble NSP guar gum at three levels, 0 g kg^?1 (GG0), 40 g kg^?1 (GG4) and 80 g kg^?1 (GG8). Guar gum inclusion significantly increased digesta viscosity in the proximal (GG0: 1.7 centipoise or cP; GG4: 84.9 cP; GG8: 98.3 cP) and distal (GG0: 1.9 cP; GG4: 109.8 cP; GG8: 66.4 cP) intestine. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were significantly lower for the GG8 diet than the GG0 diet (dry matter: 52% versus 69%; protein: 77% versus 90%; ash: 41% versus 54%; energy: 60% versus 77%). The ADC of dry matter and energy were significantly lower for the GG4 diet than the GG0 diet. The relative growth rate of metabolic weight (14.5–15.4 g kg^?0.8 day^?1) and feed conversion ratio (0.8) did not differ between diets. Fish fed the GG8 diet had a significantly higher somatic stomach index than GG0 fish (0.71% versus 0.65% body weight). The intestinal somatic index tended to increase with increasing guar gum supplementation (GG0: 1.08%; GG4: 1.23%; GG8: 1.59%). In conclusion, high digesta viscosities in the guar gum fed fish may explain the observed reduced nutrient digestibilities and increases in digestive organ weights.     

乌津原油加剂改性试验研究

采用中国石油天然气管道科学研究院研制的ＧＹ型流动性改进剂，对哈萨克斯坦的乌津原油进行了加剂改性的试验研究。加剂后改善了原油的低温流动性，在２５℃时测定的凝点为１０．５℃，凝点降低２２．５℃，粘度降低了９６．９％，为乌津原油外运方案的设计奠定了基础。     

Influence of growth ring angle,adhesive system and viscosity on the shear strength of adhesive bonds

Abstract

To investigate the influence of growth ring angle, adhesive system and viscosity on the bonding properties of adhesive bonds, shear tension tests according to DIN EN 302-1 (2004) were conducted using one-component moisture-curing polyurethane, polyvinylacetate and urea-formaldehyde. Significant differences between the systems could be detected, which were reflected in the predominant failure behaviour for each system. Specimens showing wood failure were influenced mainly by the wood factors, whereas samples which had failed in the adhesive part of the bond differed only in the adhesive properties. The growth ring angle showed the same tendencies as it does in plain wood. Therefore, to gain more information on the adhesive performance in the bond, a loading along the LT plane seems more appropriate for beech wood used in DIN EN 302-1 (2004).     

生物油重质油醇类添加剂提质研究

通过加入不同质量分数(5%~25%)的甲醇、乙醇、辛醇及其混合醇对松子壳热解重质油进行提质研究,考察醇添加剂对重质油理化特性影响及其存储稳定性。研究发现加入醇添加剂超声处理后能显著降低重质油的粘度、含水率和p H值,并提高其热值;同时使多环芳烃、酮类等物质含量降低,脂肪烃、芳香烃等含量增加。混合醇处理重质油的品质更好,存储56 d后性质仍较稳定,粘度和含水率随储存时间延长稍有增加。加入甲辛醇56 d后重质油的粘度为980 m Pa·s,含水率为21.02%,增长速率仅均为原始重质油的一半;且添加量越高,油的热值越高,添加量25%时热值为32.66 MJ/kg。但从热重分析发现甲辛醇添加量为20%时燃烧性能最好,其燃烧段的失重速率最大并且燃烧后的灰分最少。     

一种由混合油粘度求混合油比例的新方法

系统研究了鲁宁管道所输胜利油，进口油按不同比例，不同温度混合时的粘度，提出了根据混合油粘度求混合油比例的一种新方法，该方法的原理是首先测量不同比例，不同温度混合原油粘度，回归混合原油比例与混合原油粘度，温度的关系式，利用回归公式对混合油比例进行计算，为管道安全运行提供科学依据。     

氮磷钾肥施用量对稻米直链淀粉含量和淀粉粘滞特性的影响

通过盆栽和大田试验,研究了N、P、K肥对稻米直链淀粉含量和淀粉粘滞特性的影响。结果表明,N肥施用量增加,直链淀粉含量、最高粘度和崩解值下降,消碱值和回复值上升。增施P肥对直链淀粉含量影响不明显,对最高粘度、崩解值、消碱值和回复值影响效用,供试品种间变化趋势存在差异。K肥施用量增加,各品种均表现出直链淀粉含量、最高粘度、崩解值上升趋势,消碱值和回复值呈下降趋势。对NPK肥,不同品种反应程度不同,品种与N、P、K之间,N、P、K三者之间都存在互作效用。减少N肥用量,适量增施K肥有利于稻米食味品质的提高。     

酸乳发酵剂对羊乳发酵特性的研究

以羊奶粉为原料,选取4种由保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌组成的乳酸菌基础发酵剂对羊乳进行发酵,通过测定发酵过程中羊乳的活菌数、酸度、pH值及黏度,研究这4种发酵剂的发酵特性.结果表明,在40 ℃条件下,YO-MIX499,YO-MIX300,FVV121,YO-MIX883四种基础发酵剂发酵羊乳,12～18 h活菌数达到最大值,分别为11.00×108,6.74×108,6.89×108,7.02×108 CFU/mL;酸度和黏度均随发酵时间的延长而增大,其中YO-MIX883产黏性最好,YO-MIX300产酸性最好.