Effects of dietary substitution of soya bean meal for fish meal on consumption, growth, and metabolism of juvenile giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

A 42‐day study was conducted where prawns (0.32 g) were fed diets where 0, 20, 50, 75 and 100 g (100 g)^?1 of fish meal was replaced by soya bean meal (SBM). Feed intake was not significantly affected by inclusion of SBM, while specific growth rate and conversion efficiency decreased with increasing dietary SBM. Standard metabolic rate was significantly affected by dietary soya bean level, and was the highest in the 75 g (100 g)^?1 SBM group. Carcass dry matter, crude fat and energy value declined with increasing SBM inclusion. SBM, without supplementation of amino acids or other additives, was not suitable as a major protein source in freshwater‐prawn diets.     

Utilization of monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1n-9, oleic acid) by freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) juveniles

The utilization of oleic acid as an energy source and the effects of oleic acid levels and/or dietary soy bean lecithin (SBL) on oleic acid utilization, growth and survival, and lipid class and fatty acid compositions of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), juveniles were determined.
Increase in levels of dietary oleic acid from 10 to 80 g kg⁻¹ significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced growth, survival and feed conversion efficiency of M. rosenbergii juveniles during the 40-day feeding period. Inclusion of 20 g kg⁻¹ SBL had no significant effect ( P ≥ 0.05) on growth and survival, nor was there any interactive effect between dietary SBL and oleic acid levels.
Body fatty acid profile of prawns reflected dietary fatty acid quantity. The fatty acid composition of prawns fed diets containing 80 g kg⁻¹ oleic acid had tremendously high proportions of oleic acid. Polar lipids, mostly phosphatidylcholine (PC), constituted the bulk of the extracted total lipids. Prawns fed with SBL had significantly ( P ≥ 0.05) higher PC content.
Oleic acid was metabolized for energy by M. rosenbergii juveniles at the same rate regardless of dietary level of SBL and/or oleic acid. Expired ¹⁴CO₂ accounted for half of the ingested radioactivity 48 h after feeding with labelled diets. No significant difference in the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ expired by prawns fed the labelled test diets was found. Per cent radioactivity ingested and absorbed into the body was also not significantly different in prawns of the different dietary treatments.     

蚕豆发芽过程中蛋白质和抗氧化能力的变化

为更好地开发利用蚕豆资源,研究蚕豆发芽过程中蛋白质及蛋白抗氧化能力的变化规律,采用凯氏定氮法测定发芽蚕豆的蛋白质含量,采用氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸组分含量,运用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术观察发芽蚕豆蛋白组成的变化,通过测定发芽蚕豆蛋白的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2'-联氮双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基的清除能力分析其抗氧化能力。结果表明,蚕豆发芽过程中蛋白和氨基酸含量升高,促进部分蚕豆蛋白由大分子量转化分解成小分子量,提高了蚕豆蛋白的抗氧化能力,在蚕豆发芽第9天时蛋白质含量达到34.1 g·100g^-1、氨基酸含量为29.16 g·100g^-1,均达到最大值,蚕豆蛋白的自由基清除能力达到最强。综上,蚕豆的发芽过程可以增加蚕豆的营养物质成分含量,增强蚕豆的抗氧化能力。本研究结果为蚕豆蛋白、蚕豆芽等功能食品的开发利用提供了参考依据。     

9个鲜食蚕豆品种低温保鲜比较试验

以苏蚕2号、海门大青皮、上虞田鸡青、美国蚕豆、陵西一寸、通鲜6号、日本大白皮、慈溪大白蚕以及自主研制新品系（长荚型蚕豆）共9个鲜食蚕豆品种为试材,进行低温保鲜比较试验。结果表明：以豆荚形式贮藏,以上虞田鸡青的保鲜效果最好,慈溪大白蚕、日本大白皮和长荚型蚕豆等3个品种次之,以2℃贮藏28d为宜。以豆粒形式贮藏,日本大白皮和慈溪大白蚕等2个品种保鲜效果最好,以2℃贮藏21d为宜。     

毛霉型豆豉中总DNA提取的比较研究

[目的]对毛霉型豆豉中总DNA的提取方法进行比较。[方法]选用常用的3种DNA提取方法(溶菌酶法、蛋白酶K-CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)法和改良溶菌酶法)提取发酵豆豉中的总DNA,并测定总DNA的纯度,比较3种方法的优劣。[结果]通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳对提取效果进行观察比较发现,蛋白酶K-CTAB法提取豆豉中微生物的宏基因组DNA的纯度最好,质量最高。[结论]蛋白酶K-CTAB法更适合豆豉这类发酵食品宏基因组DNA粗提取,可以作为豆豉宏基因组学研究的基础。     

冬虫夏草水提取物与速溶芦笋粉抗焦虑活性研究

[目的]研究冬虫夏草水提取物与速溶芦笋粉的抗焦虑作用.[方法]取健康雄性SD大鼠70只,按体重随机分为7组,模型对照组,冬虫夏草低剂量组（8.4 mg/kg WECS-1）,冬虫夏草高剂量组（16.8 mg/kg WECS-h）,冬虫夏草水提取物低剂量＋速溶芦笋粉（8.4mg/kg WECS-1 ＋400 mg/kg IAP）,冬虫夏草高剂量＋速溶芦笋粉（16.8 mg/kg WECS-h ＋400 mg/kg IAP）,速溶芦笋粉（400 mg/kgIAP）,空白对照组.采用慢性情绪应激模型,从行为学观察和内分泌水平角度研究速溶芦笋粉的抗焦虑作用.[结果]行为学观察表明,与模型对照组比较,在此焦虑模型上WECS-h ＋IAP剂量组的攻击行为显著降低（P＜0.05）,WECS-1＋ IAP剂量组的探究行为和修饰行为显著降低（P＜0.05）,其他各个处理组与模型对照组比较统计结果均没有显著的差异（P＞0.05）.内分泌水平检测结果表明,与模型对照组比较,在此焦虑模型上冬虫夏草水提取物与速溶芦笋粉（WECS-h ＋IAP）剂量组能显著降低血清种皮质醇（CORT）、肾上腺素（E）和去甲肾上腺素（NA）浓度（P＜0.05）,并能显著升高血清中5-羟色氨酸（5-HT）和多巴胺（DA）水平（P＜0.05）.[结论]冬虫夏草水提取物与速溶芦笋粉联用具有增强抗焦虑作用.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞的不确定度评定

为了得到准确而完善的检测结果,对微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞结果的不确定度进行了评定,结合各不确定度分量对测定方法中不确定度的主要来源进行了分析。结果表明:样品的前处理方法以及试样的重复性对获得准确测定结果尤为重要,标准曲线的配制也是重要的不确定度来源,同时需要确保仪器的稳定性,而试样定容和样品称样引入的不确定度极低,可以忽略。通过不确定度的评定,明确了测定过程中主要误差的来源,为降低检测过程中的误差提供了依据。     

菜豆叶片原生质体的分离条件

以菜豆幼嫩叶片为材料,研究了预处理、酶液组合、酶解时间、酶解方式、甘露醇浓度及纯化时的离心转速对菜豆叶片原生质体分离的影响。结果表明:菜豆叶片质壁分离1 h后,在2%纤维素酶+1%离析酶+10%甘露醇+0.1%BSA+5 mmol/L MES+10 mmol/L CaCl2·2H2O,pH为5.8的混合液中,(25±1)℃黑暗条件下振荡酶解12 h可获得大量有活力的绿色原生质体。纯化时400 r/min离心3 min效果较好。     

苗期短日照处理小豆的开花和结荚变化

为了对小豆的高产栽培提供理论依据,以中晚熟小豆品种冀红4号为材料,在出苗到开花阶段进行 SD-14（光/暗,14 h/10h）、SD-12（光/暗,12 h/12h）和 SD-10（光/暗,10 h/14h）3个短日照试验,观察了小豆开花和结荚情况。结果表明：短日照处理加速了植株的生育进程,花期缩短了9～10 d,荚期缩短了3～7 d,总花荚期缩短了5～6 d,差异达显著水平;植株的开花期提早,开花高峰期提前18～20 d,日开花量呈先增后降的趋势;植株的初花节位降低1～2节,单株总荚数达最大值时间提早12 d,结荚数集中于1～10节位,占88．49％以上;各短日处理单荚粒数差异不显著,百粒重均高于对照,单株荚数则低于对照,产量均低于对照,差异不显著。综合比较,短日照处理以 SD-12较好。     

烤烟套种蚕豆对烟叶和蚕豆品质的影响

为确定烤烟套种免耕鲜食蚕豆的最佳播种期,采用随机区组试验,研究烟株封顶后上部烟留叶8片、5片、3片和顶叶全部采收后播种蚕豆对免耕套种鲜食蚕豆和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明：烤烟套种免耕鲜食蚕豆模式比烤烟采收后单一种植蚕豆（CK）中上等烟比例提高0．56％～1．58％,产量提高0．54％～0．63％,产值提高1．38％～2．01％;可提高总糖和还原糖含量,降低氮和烟碱含量,增加钾和施木克值,协调烟叶内在品质;增加收入293．18～454．03元／667m2。可提高蚕豆的蛋白质、钙和硒的含量,分别比 CK 增加0．41％～0．56％、11．53％～34．61％和4．93％～11．11％;降低单宁的含量,比 CK 降低18．18％～36．36％。上部烟留叶5片的处理对提高烟叶和蚕豆的品质效果最佳。