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浙江天台山藤蔓植物共有 2 39种 ,隶属于 131属 6 2科。基本特点是 :双子叶植物科属种最多 ;小科属和单种属科较多 ,而大科较少。通过属地理成分分析和邻近地区比较分析可知 ,其藤蔓植物区系的温带 -亚热带的特征显著 相似文献
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A field study was conducted for six years (1981–1986) on sandy loam soil on intercropping hedgerows of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit. with three field crops viz. maize (Zea mays L), black gram (Vigna mungo L) and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L Taub.). In treatments 1 and 2 Leucaena hedges were planted as pure crops at close (25 cm × 75 cm) and wide (25 cm × 375 cm) spacings. In treatments 3, 4 and 5 the
three field crops were intercropped between the hedgerows of Leucaena at the wide spacing, and in treatments 6, 7 and 8 the field crops were raised as pure crops. Leucaena was topped to 75 cm each time it attained a height of 175 cm.
The pure crop of Leucaena at close spacing produced an average, over the six years, of 34 t ha−1a−1 of green fodder and 9.4 t ha−1a−1 of air dry fuelwood. The Leucaena at wide spacing produced 18.9 t ha−1a−1 of green fodder and 6.3 t ha−1a−1 of fuelwood. Intercropping with field crops decreased the yield of green fodder and fuelwood. The yield of all the field
crops was less when raised as intercrops than as pure crops.
Mean maximum net returns were obtained from intercrops of Leucaena and cluster bean (Rs 3540 ha−1a−1) which were significantly higher than the returns from pure crop of Leucaena at wide spacing but similar to the returns from pure crops of cluster bean. Leucaena with maize (Rs 3273 ha−1a−1) and black gram (Rs 3125 ha−1a−1) gave significantly higher net returns over pure crops of Leucaena at wide spacing, maize and black gram.
ICRISAT = International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics- Hyderabad, India.
CIAT = Centro International de Agricultura Tropical - Cali - Columbia 相似文献
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R. G. Muschler 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,51(2):131-139
Quality is an important attribute of coffee. Therefore it is important to understand the effect of overstory trees not only on the environment and long-term coffee production, but also on the quality of coffee grown underneath the trees. This study compared coffee quality of Coffea arabica L. vars. Caturra and Catimor 5175 under different levels of shade in a low-elevation, sub-optimal environment for coffee in Costa Rica. Fruit weight and bean size increased significantly when shade intensity was increased from 0% to more than 80% under unpruned Erythrina poeppigiana. While large beans (diameter > 6.7 mm) accounted for 49 and 43% of the coffee from unshaded Caturra and Catimor, respectively, these proportions increased to 69 and 72% under dense permanent shade. This suggested a stronger shade benefit for Catimor than for Caturra. The conversion percentages from fresh-weight coffee fruits to dry-weight green coffee for export were not affected by the treatments. A blind tasting experiment showed consistent shade-induced improvements in appearance of green and roasted coffee as well as in acidity and body of the brew for both varieties. The effect of shade on aroma of the brew was neutral for Caturra and slightly negative for Catimor. It is hypothesized that, in the sub-optimal (low-altitude) coffee-zone studied, shade promotes slower and more balanced filling and uniform ripening of berries, thus yielding a better-quality product than unshaded coffee plants. Shade experiments along environmental gradients should help to validate this conjecture and its relative importance in different coffee-zones. 相似文献
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针对蚕豆种子粒径大、三轴尺寸差异大,充种困难的问题,设计了一种带有平带辅助充种装置的气吸式蚕豆精量排种器。通过对充种过程中的动力学分析阐述了平带辅助充种装置及种子的运动机理;利用计算流体力学和离散元法双向耦合模拟的方法(Computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method, CFD-DEM),开展了单因素试验,确定了影响排种器充种性能的主要零部件参数并明晰了平带辅助充种机理;搭建试验台架,选取作业速度、平带输入轴转速和负压为试验因素,合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标,进行了二次回归正交组合试验。试验结果表明,影响排种器合格指数的因素主次顺序为:作业速度、负压、平带输入轴转速。对试验结果进行多目标优化,得到最优参数组合为作业速度5.69 km/h、平带输入轴转速395 r/min、负压3 845 Pa,对此结果进行排种器性能试验验证,此时合格指数为91.6%、重播指数为3.8%、漏播指数为4.6%,满足蚕豆播种要求。 相似文献
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为了分析蚕豆种子内生细菌的多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,从日本大白皮(S18P23.1、 S18P23.2)和启豆2号(S18P24.1、S18P24.2)的种子获得16S RNA V3~V4区有效序列133 855条。将高于97%相似度的序列划分为一个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU),优化后得到1 598个OTUs。内生细菌种群分析结果表明,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,丰度为30%~33%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 23%~25%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 23%~25%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 5%~7%)为两个蚕豆品种共有的优势菌门,但属水平的优势菌群在供试蚕豆种子中均有差异。这些结果表明,蚕豆种子具有丰富的内生细菌资源,含有多种具有益功能性状的细菌类群,值得进一步跟踪研究这些益生菌在蚕豆种植到土壤后的变化规律;启豆2号种子中益生菌的种类和丰度高于日本大白皮,值得进一步分离和研究这些益生菌的益生或促生特性,筛选获得在食品和生物肥料等领域有应用潜力的菌株。 相似文献
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