Genetic analysis of late blight resistance in a new RIL population of tomato derived from LB-resistant Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 270443

Late blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Aggressive pathogen isolates resistant to fungicides have driven research in favour of finding new sources of host resistance for tomato breeding. Recently, we reported S. pimpinellifolium accession PI 270443 exhibiting LB resistance stronger than all commercial LB-resistant tomato cultivars. The purpose of this study was to examine the inheritance of LB resistance conferred by this accession. An interspecific cross was made between PI 270443 and a LB-susceptible tomato breeding line and advanced to F₁₀ generation. A total of 166 F₉ and corresponding F₁₀ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated for response to LB in four replicated greenhouse experiments. Estimates of heritability (h²) of LB resistance, determined by parent–offspring (F₉:F₁₀) correlation analysis, ranged from 0.66 to 0.81, with an average of 0.76. The moderately high h² of LB resistance in PI 270443 suggests the utility of this accession for tomato breeding. Molecular mapping and RNA-sequencing efforts are underway to identify genes underlying LB resistance in PI 270443.     

西南干暖河谷土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异

为探究以干暖河谷为基带的西南山地土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异,选择该区不同垂直带典型土地利用类型(林草地和耕地)下不同土壤类型(红壤、黄壤、棕壤和暗棕壤)为研究对象,利用室内“V”形细沟模拟装置,分别进行6种流量(150,300,450,600,750,900mL/min)和3种水文状态(排水状态、饱和状态和渗流状态)的模拟冲刷试验。结果表明:(1)该区土壤颗粒组成无明显的垂直地带性,林草地的砂粒含量偏高,各土壤的颗粒含量差异在9%以内,所有土壤均为粉质壤土,但有机质差异较大,且随着海拔增加而增加;(2)土壤的细沟可蚀性具有明显的垂直地带性,随海拔升高,林草地土壤可蚀性Kr值逐渐减小,相比于红壤,暗棕壤的Kr值减小幅度平均为47.74%,耕地土壤中黄壤略大于红壤,可能与人为活动强度和土壤熟化程度有关;(3)不同土地利用方式下,林草地土壤Kr值显著大于耕地土壤Kr值,平均增幅为22.63%,这可能与有机质促进土壤抗侵蚀性能的提高有关;(4)不同近地表水文状态下,土壤的细沟可蚀性表现为渗流状态>饱和状态>排水状态,表明随着近地表水文状态变化,尤其是垂直水力梯度的增加会显著导致土壤的细沟可蚀性增大;试验还发现,土壤的临界剪切力仅在不同的水文状态下具有渗流状态>饱和状态>排水状态的规律性,而在不同海拔和土地利用类型之间没有明显的规律性。     

两种苔藓植物在建筑材料基质上的生长情况研究

采用对比实验的方法，对武汉市常见的青藓和尖叶走灯藓两种苔藓在多种建筑材料上进行了生长情况研究，运用SPSS回归分析，预测了未来可能的生长情况。结果表明：两种苔藓在生态砼和红土砖块上生长状况都比较好。通过苔藓在斜坡和树体上的生长情况，初步得出结论苔藓在垂直空间上可以生存生长，对苔藓的垂直绿化应用提出了合理的建议。     

垂直绿化的类型及方式简

从垂直绿化的意义、所用的植物材料及其养护管理、垂直绿化的类型及设计、当前垂直绿化存在的问题等方面对垂直绿化这一植物应用形式进行系统的阐述，目的在于展示垂直绿化的优点，指出存在的不足以及应用中的误区，希望推动垂直绿化在我国快速、健康的发展。     

Relationship between vertical distributions of Bray II P content and organic P content in the Ap horizon of paddy rice fields

Abstract

We examined the vertical distributions of total, Bray II and organic phosphorus (P) in the Ap horizons of five paddy rice fields including no tillage treatment. Soil samples were collected from the Ap horizons as nine thin layers of 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–6, 6–8, 8–10, 10–15 and 15–20 cm from the soil surface after harvest. In three lowland paddy soils of no-tillage Hachirogata (HA-NT), conventional-tillage Hachirogata (HA-T) and conventional-tillage Furukawa (FU-T), the total P (TP) content was relatively low. In these soils, the modified Bray II P (soil : solution = 1:20; shaking time 60s) content decreased and the organic P (OP) content increased at a depth of 0–1 cm compared with the underlying layers, possibly because of high microbial activities as suggested from the increased total C and N contents in this layer. In contrast, the decrease in Bray II P content and the increase in the OP content of the surface layer were not evident in two Andosols of the conventional-tillage Utsunomiya (UM-T) and conventional-tillage Kawatabi (KA-T). Even TP content fluctuated in the thin surface layers of 0–3 cm depending on the sampling site. Accordingly, percentages of Bray II P and OP to TP were calculated to compare the vertical distribution curves between Bray II P and OP. The percentage of Bray II P to TP of the 0–1 cm layer was lower and the percentage of OP to TP in the layer was higher than the underlying layers for HA-T, HA-NT and FU-T. The decrease in Bray II P was nearly compatible with the increase in OP for the surface of the 0–1 cm layers of HA-NT, HA-T and FU-T. This result suggests that a part of Bray II P was converted to OP in the thin surface layer of the Ap horizons in these paddy soils. This change in chemical form of P was more pronounced in the HA-NT by accumulating the effect of the microbial activities over a longer period of time because of no tillage compared with HA-T and FU-T. These findings add a new dimension to P behavior in submerged rice soils under field conditions, particularly near the soil surface. Moreover, we must be careful in soil sampling for P availability evaluation, and soil samples should represent the vertical distribution of P in the whole Ap horizon of a paddy field. Changes in OP with depth in UM-T and KA-T may have been masked by the high OP content as well as by the high TP content in these Andosols.     

基于无人机多源遥感的玉米LAI垂直分布估算

为探究无人机多源遥感影像估算玉米叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)垂直分布，在田间设置了密度和播期试验，在7个生育时期利用无人机采集了可见光、多光谱和热红外影像并同步获取玉米LAI垂直分布数据。同时，为合理制定无人机飞行任务，分析了不同飞行高度和不同太阳高度角下获取的无人机影像对估算玉米LAI的影响。基于无人机影像提取的与玉米LAI相关性较高的植被指数、纹理信息和冠层温度等特征，利用7种机器学习方法分别构建了玉米冠层不同高度LAI估算模型，从中选取鲁棒性强的2个模型用于分析在不同飞行高度和不同太阳高度角下估算LAI的差异。研究结果表明，MLPR和RFR模型对玉米LAI估算鲁棒性最强，全生育期下模型rRMSE为11.31%(MLPR)和11.42%(RFR)。玉米冠层LAI垂直分布估算误差，所有模型的平均rRMSE分别为9.1%(LAI-1)、14.19%(LAI-2)、18.62%(LAI-3)、23.29%(LAI-4)和26.7%(LAI-5)。对于玉米穗位叶及以下部位的LAI估算误差均在20%以下，得到了较好精度。同时，在不同飞行高度和太阳高度角试验中可以得出...     

雷州半岛空中昆虫群落结构特征

为明确东亚迁飞场重要通道—雷州半岛空中昆虫的群落结构特征,于2022年在雷州半岛设立探照灯对夜间昆虫进行诱集及种群动态监测,并采用Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数分析物种多样性。结果表明,诱集昆虫隶属于12目61科126属146种,其中鳞翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目昆虫是诱集量和物种丰富度最多的3大类群,分别占所有诱集昆虫总数的72.37%、11.18%和6.58%。诱集昆虫不仅包括草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda、劳氏黏虫Leucania loreyi和斜纹夜蛾S. litura等多种重要的迁飞性害虫,还包括中华草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis、黄蜻Pantala flavescens和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis等迁飞性天敌昆虫。空中昆虫的诱集高峰期主要在6—9月。诱集昆虫的Margalef丰富度指数平均数为6.60,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均数为2.68。表明雷州半岛空中昆虫群落物种丰富度和多样性均较高,并证实许多重大农业害虫在迁飞过程中途经雷州半岛。     

Survey on vertical infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus from fetal bovine sera in the field

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolation and antibody survey were performed using 2,758 fetal bovine sera (FBS) collected from slaughterhouses in New Zealand, Australia and the Dominican Republic, and then sent to Japan to manufacture commercial serum for cell culture use. FBS in the Dominican Republic were pooled for each several individuals, and those collected in other countries were separated according to each individual and subjected to the tests. BVDV was isolated from 25 (0.91%) FBS, and the BVDV antibody was detected in 44 (1.60%) FBS. The survey on 139 sets of paired sera of a dam and her fetus revealed that neither the BVDV antibody nor BVDV was detected in all FBS from BVDV antibody-positive dams.     

Research Progress on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vertical Transmission and its Hazards

Productive disorder induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is characterized by low conception rate, irregular return to estrus and abortion during early gestation sow; Later-term abortion, early farrowing, stillborn, mummies and weak-born piglets are generally happened at second half of gestation.Piglets with congenital infection become more sensitive to secondary infection, and there exists excreted virus which infects the negative animals on every side.PRRSV passes through the placenta mediated by macrophages/monocytes, which cause pathological damage in the maternal-fetal interface, and virus replication in the fetal implantation sites plays a role in the fetal death and sow abortion.PRRSV infection prevention and viremia shortening for sow are conductive to reduce PRRSV vertical transmission.In addition, biosafety measures, reasonable pig flow and strict disinfection are carried out to control horizontal transmission, and vaccine immunization and medicine administration are done to protect susceptible animals.The main purpose of this review is to summarize PRRSV vertical transmission during each stage of gestation and subsequent reproductive failure.     

河南省伏牛山自然保护区植物资源研究(Ⅱ)植物群落垂直分布与物种多样性研究

采用法瑞学派的样地记录法，对河南省伏牛山自然保护区植物区系、植物群落垂直分布与物种多样性进行了调查分析，该区南北植物交汇、种类较为丰富，植物群落垂直分布明显，是秦岭以东森林群落物种多样性最高地区之一。