Genetic ranking for biological conservation using information from multiple species

Few studies have utilised genetic information from multiple taxonomic groups to compare the conservation values of geographic regions or particular taxa. None has examined how this information should be standardised to accommodate biological differences between taxa such as vagility or the level of genetic variability. Here we examine procedures for summarising genetic information using protein electrophoretic data from seven reptile species in the Great Dividing Range, and Western Tablelands and slopes of Northern New South Wales. The examination suggests the following recommendations for using genetic information in ranking.As many taxonomic groups as possible should be included in investigations. Using the present data, the average pairwise correlations between taxonomic groups were generally low to medium for all genetic metrics (absolute values ranging from 0.01 to 0.45). This indicates that single taxa are not usually good surrogates for the prediction of genetic value in other groups.Representatives of each class of metrics should be calculated as these may reveal distinct aspects of the genetic data. Four classes were identified here by examination of metrics’ pairwise correlations.Comparisons between regions should be based on metrics standardised to accommodate variation in the biology of the studied taxa.Conservation priority should be accorded to populations or regions ranking highly on any individual metric, with highest priority allotted to those ranking highly on uncorrelated metrics.If sample pooling is necessary to accommodate low sample sizes, preliminary inspection of the primary data is necessary to confirm that this will not obscure biologically significant patterns such as fixed allelic differences between local populations.     

江淮稻区褐飞虱种群动态模拟模型

根据对褐飞虱实验种群的观察数据和一此地区的田间种群生命资料，结合江淮稻区水稻栽培模式和褐飞虱的发生特点，组建了江淮稻区褐飞虱种数量动态的模拟模型，经检验，效益较好，对发生高峰期和发生量的预测均符合标准，基本上能反映该地区褐飞虱的发生趋势，灵敏度分析显示，温度是影响褐飞虱种群数量动态的最关键因素，其次为初始迁入虫量，天敌和水稻生育期，提出用后验差方法评价预测效果，结果表明，该方法适合于对褐飞虱各种发     

长效沙星注射液的化学稳定性试验

为了进一步为长效沙星(培氟沙星)注射液的临床应用提供依据,以二蒸水为溶剂,采用紫外-可见分光光度法,在190~400 nm波长范围内进行全波段扫描,以最大吸收波长确定为培氟沙星的测定波长,最后以光加速试验和经典恒温热加速试验考察了长效沙星注射液的稳定性。结果表明,培氟沙星的测定波长为274 nm,在2~10μg/mL质量浓度范围内,长效沙星溶液的吸光度与其质量浓度之间有良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.43%。长效沙星注射液对热稳定,对光不稳定,在避光、室温(25℃)条件下的有效期暂定为2年。     

牛奶中霉菌毒素风险排序

霉菌毒素污染是牛奶质量安全的重要问题。作者在对牛奶中主要存在的霉菌毒素种类、毒性、限量等分析的基础上,对中国牛奶中霉菌毒素进行风险排序,为对中国进行牛奶质量安全风险监测、风险评估提供参考。     

干旱内陆河流域冰冻圈变化适应对策问卷的信效度检验

[目的]对干旱内陆河流域冰冻圈变化适应对策问卷的信效度进行检验。[方法]运用统计学的方法,对乌鲁木齐河、阿克苏河流域的＂典型干旱内陆河流域冰冻圈变化适应对策研究＂问卷进行信度与效度的检验,以考查问卷的稳定性和准确性。[结果]问卷信度分析结果表明,乌鲁木齐河流域和阿克苏河流域问卷的折半信度系数分别为0.729和0.750,克朗巴哈ɑ信度系数分别为0.613和0.616,说明问卷具有较好的等值性与内部一致性,可靠性和稳定性较高。根据问卷效度分析结果,绝大部分题目得分与问卷总分呈显著相关,内容效度较高;经因子分析,26道题目共产生8个公共因子,可概括为农业种植状况、农业节水措施、生活满意度、耕地变化、社会融合感、气候与冰冻圈变化、环境改善资本投入、家庭经济条件8个指标,各题项在相应指标上贡献率较高,所体现的结构与问卷所测内容完全一致,说明问卷具有较好的结构效度。[结论]设计的问卷具有较高的稳定性和准确性,能够准确测出所需测量的主题和内容,适用于西北干旱内陆河流域普通民众对冰冻圈变化的感知状况及适应性对策选择的研究。     

广义时变系统的鲁棒H2/H∞滤波

利用复杂网络方法将股票之间的复杂关系抽象为网络,能够更好地掌握股票市场的整体和局部特性以及股票之间内在的联动关系,以沪深300数据为研究样本,通过相关系数构建网络,利用最佳阈值法对网络进行去噪,保留主要股票之间的相互影响.借鉴PageRank算法对社团网络进行重要节点的挖掘,从宏观和微观视角分析各行业股票在市场中的地位.研究发现整个沪深300市场中,采矿业、制造业和金融业是市场“大户”,其股票与市场中的其他股票之间存在紧密联系;网络中的同类型股票存在聚集现象,且股票之间影响关系显著.     

新形势下安徽省高校专利转化现状及对策建议

科技成果转化是实施创新驱动发展战略的主要途径,是科技和经济发展的重要衔接纽带.高校作为国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分,而专利又是高校科技成果最重要表现形式,其转化水平推动地区产学研合作、拉动地区经济增长.增强高校专利转化意识、加强高校专利运营能力以及完善专利转化体制更有效促进安徽省创新驱动发展.     

Risk assessment and ranking of pesticide residues in Chinese pears

The presence of pesticide residues in pears is a serious health concern. This study presents the results from a 2-year investigation(2013–2014) that used gas chromatography,GS/MS and UPLC/MS-MS to measure the levels of 104 pesticides in 310 pear samples. In 93.2% of the samples,43 pesticides were detected,of which the maximum residue levels(MRLs) were exceeded in 2.6% of the samples. Multiple residues(two to eight compounds) were present in 69.7% of the samples; one sample contained nine pesticides and one sample contained 10. Only 6.8% of the samples did not contain residues. To assess the health risks,the pesticide residue data have been combined with daily pear consumption data for children and adult populations. A deterministic model was used to assess the chronic and acute exposures based on the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues(JMPR) method. A potential acute risk was demonstrated for children in the case of bifenthrin,which was found to be present at 105.36% of the acute reference dose(ARf D) value. The longterm exposure of the Chinese consumer to pesticide residues through the consumption of raw pears was far below the acceptable daily intake(ADI) criterion. Additionally,the matrix ranking scheme was used to classify risk subgroups of pesticides and pear samples. In general,95.5% of samples were deemed to be safe and nine pesticides were classified as being of a relatively high risk. The findings indicated that the occurrence of pesticide residues in pears should not be considered a serious public health problem. Nevertheless,a more detailed study is required for vulnerable consumer groups,especially children. Continuous monitoring of pesticides in pears and tighter regulation of pesticide residuestandards are recommended.     

Excel数据有效性的应用

Excel数据录入是一项既枯燥又烦琐,且容易出错的工作。从实例出发,探讨Excel数据有效性在实现下拉列表选择录入中的应用,利用预定的条件校验数据,防止无效数据的产生。从而使得Execl数据录入变得轻松、准确。     

大学生个体死亡焦虑量表的编制

为编制适用于中国大学生被试的个体死亡焦虑量表,对四川、重庆、山西3地4所高校的1 300名大学生被试进行问卷施测, 2周后选取70人进行重测,采用Templer编制的死亡焦虑量表作为校标.研究结果表明:个体死亡焦虑量表包含17个项目,由价值实现焦虑、重要他人焦虑、死后境况焦虑、死时痛苦焦虑4个维度构成.总量表和各维度均具有良好的信度和效度,量表可以作为大学生个体死亡焦虑的测量工具,建议使用各维度得分,不使用总量表得分.