Effect of road density on abundance of white-footed mice

While several studies have demonstrated that roads can act as barriers to small mammal movement, the relationship between road density and small mammal abundance has not yet been investigated. In southeastern Ontario, Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice) suffer high over-winter mortality rates, resulting in small springtime populations and frequent local extinctions. Peromyscus leucopus movement is known to be inhibited by roads, which should result in lower rates of immigration into and recolonization of habitats in landscapes with high road density. We tested two predictions: (1) Forest sites situated in landscapes with high road densities have a higher chance of P. leucopus being absent during the early spring than forest sites situated in landscapes with low road densities and (2) P. leucopus populations during the summer are smaller in forest sites situated in landscapes with high road densities than in landscapes with low road densities. We sampled P. leucopus in focal patches within nineteen landscapes (7 rural, low-road-density landscapes; 7 rural, high-road-density landscapes; 5 urban landscapes). There was no significant relationship between road density and the presence/absence of P. leucopus during the early spring. We found a significant positive effect of road density on P. leucopus relative abundance during the summer, even when we excluded the urban landscapes and based the analysis on only the 14 rural landscapes. Our results suggest that any negative effect of roads on P. leucopus populations, created by their inhibition to moving across roads, is far outweighed by some positive effect of roads on P. leucopus abundance. We suggest that the two most likely explanations are that roads are positively correlated with an important as-yet-undetermined component of habitat quality, or that roads positively affect P. leucopus by negatively affecting their predators.     

MODIS热红外数据在乌鲁木齐市热岛研究中的应用

利用MODIS热红外数据,在完成几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正、云检测等数据预处理后,利用分裂窗算法反演得到乌鲁木齐2000-2005年1,4,7,10月的地表温度空间数据.在分析典型热温场的基础上,进行了热岛的季节和昼夜变化特征研究.结果表明:时间上,乌鲁木齐在夏季的白天和全年四季的夜晚均存在明显的城市热岛现象;空间上,乌鲁木齐城市和附近的戈壁、荒漠温度较高,近处的中山区和远郊的高山区温度较低,区域内温差较大、热岛强度高.乌鲁木齐城市热岛虽与其他大城市热岛特征在时空分布规律上有较多相似之处,但也有其自身的特性:干旱区城市郊区下垫面较多为戈壁荒漠,因此城市热岛效应在日间并不明显,相反有时会出现"城市冷岛"现象.     

不同文明背景下城乡居民收入、消费差异比较研究——以酒泉、嘉峪关市为例

本文通过利用2000-2004年城乡居民收入和消费的统计资料,对酒泉市与嘉峪关市这两市的城乡居民收入结构、变化趋势和消费结构、变化趋势进行了对比分析。结果表明:①城乡居民收入差额逐步扩大,但发散和收敛的状况不一致,两地相比,嘉峪关市表现出更明显的收敛性,而肃州区则仍然有较强的发散性;城乡居民收入构成各异,依赖性存在较大的差别;②城乡居民生活消费支出比逐步扩大,其发散和收敛的状况与居民收入变化趋势形成反差,嘉峪关市表现出更大的发散性。究其原因:①城市发育的基础和职能不同;②城市经济结构和就业结构不同。     

A review of non-chemical weed control on hard surfaces

Weed control research to date has mainly focused on arable land, especially regarding herbicides, but also regarding non‐chemical methods. Some of these experiences can be applied to hard surface areas. However, weeds on hard surface areas cause problems that are different from those on arable land. Additionally, crop tolerance does not need to be considered when choosing an appropriate weed control method on these areas. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge of weeds and weed control methods on hard surface areas and reveal potential ways of advancement. One of the shortcomings of non‐chemical weed control on hard surfaces thus far, is a lack of proper definition of efficiency of the weed control methods. To obtain effective control, more frequently repeated treatments are required than chemical weed management, thereby increasing the costs of labour and fuel. One way to reduce costs can be by adjusting the level of control to the required visual street quality. Weeds are adapted to the hard surface environment and may be less susceptible to certain control methods. This review indicates that for efficient weed control on hard surfaces there is a need for combining weed control techniques, applying sensors for detecting weeds, adapting the energy dose to type of weed flora and prevention of weeds by improved construction of new surfaces.     

绍兴镜湖国家城市湿地公园生态环境特征和保护对策

健康的城市湿地生态系统,是城市生态安全体系的重要组成部分和城市社会经济可持续发展的重要基础。因此,作为大绍兴城市中的镜湖国家城市湿地公园,对城市生态系统建设具有重要的意义。笔者分析了镜湖国家城市湿地公园的生态特征,并提出了保护对策。     

屋顶绿化制约因素分析及营建对策

通过对屋顶绿化发展现状的介绍,从社会公众的认识观念、建筑屋顶构造状况及施工环境、使用材料到行业政策、技术规范、绿化形式、投资渠道等多方面分析了制约因素,并依此提出了有针对性地开展屋顶现状普查、制订行业法规和技术规范、加强领导、开展科研技术攻关及植物材料的选育和政府主导、财政和企事业单位及开发商等多元投资方式的营建对策.     

生态学理论在城市园林绿化中的应用研究

本文从人与自然和谐共处、可持续发展的角度出发，以生态学理论框架为依托，系统地总结了在城市园林建设中生态学理念的渗透及运用，为城市生态园林设计提供了理论指导和设计参考，同时得出我国生态园林的下一步工作重点要放在恢复生态学的应用上，并且要实现现代城市生态园林的建设要多学科、多角度共同协作的结论。     

对城市绿化养护管理工作的分析研究

介绍我国城市绿化养护管理工作的现状．阐述绿化养护管理的重要性，指出城市绿化养护管理工作中存在的一系列问题，并通过分析绿化养护管理工作的特点及主要影响因素．提出做好城市绿化养护管理工作的原则和措施。     

论当代中国统筹城乡发展背景下户籍制度改革的路径

我国现行的户籍制度是城乡分割的二元户籍制度。这种户籍制度将户口划分为"农业户口"与"非农业户口",将城乡居民分别纳入两种不同的管理体系。这种划分绝不只是称谓的不同,而是意味着户籍背后所附着的各种地位、机会和福利待遇等的不同。近几年来,一些省市将"农业户口"与"非农业户口"统一为了"居民户口",但户籍背后的利益问题并未得到很好的解决,二元户籍制度的本质并未根本改变。二元户籍制度是特定     

浅谈湖南湿地生态功能及作用

指出了湿地作为一种重要的自然资源,拥有丰富的生物多样性,具有巨大的生态功能和效益。总结了湖南省湿地污染物净化与过滤、调节气候、蓄水、调节径流、均化洪水、提供动植物栖息地以及维持区域生态平衡等生态功能,分析了湿地对湖南建设的作用。