拉缘蝽为害对卵叶小蜡内含物含量的影响

通过对受拉缘蝽不同程度为害的卵叶小蜡叶片的单宁、黄酮、总酚含量的测定,结果表明:受害的卵叶小蜡叶片的单宁含量随着拉缘蝽若、成虫为害程度的加重而发生变化,在受害初期显著增加,但随着为害程度的加重,而呈逐渐下降的趋势;受害卵叶小蜡叶片中黄酮含量随着受害程度的加剧,呈先上升、而后再下降的特点;叶部总酚的含量随着受害程度的不断加重,总酚的含量呈现上升的趋势。说明卵叶小蜡应激反应的过程是一种随着受害程度的不同而不断变化的动态过程。     

福州地区人工杉木林分蓄积量表的研究

本文提出以林分构成因子——林分胸高总断面积及林分平均高，估计林分蓄积量的办法，选取９种方程求解参数，配合了最优林分蓄积量经验方程，制定出《福州地区人工杉木林分蓄积量表》，对完善我省林业数表的种类、形式和内容，进行了初步尝试。     

全站仪测算伐区设计蓄积的原理及其应用

对全站仪测树原理进行了研究分析,应用全站仪与PC-E500袖珍计算机或PDA连接,可自动测算伐区或样地内每一株立木的树高、胸径或树干任意高度处直径,进而可自动而精准地计算出单木材积和伐区立木蓄积.理论上,树高的量测精度可达1/1 400.直径的量测精度可达1/200.实测结果表明:全站仪重复测量数据比较稳定,直径的量测误差在毫米级以内,树高的量测误差控制在厘米级,材积测定精度可优于1%,均高于测树的需要精度.全站仪测树技术实现了实时、快速、精准测定立木材积,不用材积表推求蓄积量,克服了传统测树方法的缺陷,其实测数据可作为伐区设计立木蓄积的测算依据.     

竹材液化及竹材液化树脂胶性能研究

研究竹材在苯酚液中酚竹比、催化剂、液化温度等因素对液化的影响，当用HCl或BF3作催化剂、添加量5％、酚竹质量比2—1：1时，115℃下达到竹材完全液化。液化竹材(BL)与甲醛反应，当液化物中苯酚与甲醛摩尔比1：1．6—2．0条件下，制得室外级液化竹材酚醛树脂胶(BLF)。通过TG—DSC分析固化行为表明，BLF比酚醛树脂胶(PF)有更低的固化温度；BLF与PF出现基本一致的IR特征峰。     

Properties of red maple laminated veneer lumber impregnated with waterborne micronized and two soluble copper formulations

ABSTRACT

Certain important quality parameters of red maple (Acer rubrum) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) impregnated with three waterborne formulations: copper azole (CA-B), micronized copper azole (MicroCA or MCA) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ-D) bonded with phenol formaldehyde or cross-linked polyvinyl acetate (XPVAc) adhesives were evaluated. Pre-dipping of veneers before LVL production and two post-manufacturing procedures, viz., vacuum-pressure and post-dipping of LVL, were applied. Maximum copper retention in pre-dip-treated, vacuum-pressure and post-dip-treated LVL was 1.4, 9.7 and 1.7?kg/m³, respectively. Copper retention in MCA-treated LVL was relatively lower than soluble formulations. Various physical, mechanical and bonding properties of treated LVL such as density, water absorption, swelling, flexural properties, hardness, tensile shear strength, delamination and wood failure (%) were studied and compared with untreated LVL. Little to negligible deleterious effect was observed on properties of LVL due to these chemical treatments. Analysis of variance results showed that most of properties of red maple LVL were not significantly different compared with those of untreated LVL. Therefore, vacuum-pressure impregnation process can be used to treat the red maple LVL with novel micronized copper formulations for increasing the service life of such products against biodegradation without affecting techno-mechanical quality parameters.     

Liquefaction and product identification of main chemical compositions of wood in phenol

To clarify liquefaction ratios and their construction variations of the main chemical compositions of wood in phenol using phosphoric acid as a catalyst, the chemical ingredients of wood such as holocellulose, cellulose and lignin, were measured and extracted according to GB methods. With Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, the product identification of reactant before and after liquefaction in phenol was investigated. The molecular weights and their distributions of the liquefaction results （acetone soluble parts） were studied by gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. Results show that the molecular weights and their distributions of poplar and Chinese fir are almost the same. In poplar, the distribution of cellulose is the largest, and that ofholocellulose the smallest after liquefaction. For Chinese fir, the distribution of holocellulose is the largest, and that of cellulose the smallest. After liquefaction of poplar cellulose, the change bands of FTIR spectrum observed below 1 600 cm^-1, can be attributed to new substitute groups. The same is true for poplar lignin. For Chinese fir, the spectra of liquefaction results of all chemical compositions differ from that of wood meal. This reveals the more activity groups were produced because of the reactions between Chinese fir and phenol. The research shows that the liquefaction ratios of poplar decrease in the following order： holocellulose 〉 lignin 〉 cellulose, and those of Chinese fir in the order： lignin 〉 cellulose 〉 holocellulose.     

Effects of utilization of local food by‐products as total mixed ration silage materials on fermentation quality and intake,digestibility, rumen condition and nitrogen availability in sheep

Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate in vivo digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by‐products for dairy cows, and the ruminal condition and nitrogen (N) balance were examined. Five by‐products (i.e. potato waste, noodle waste, soybean curd residue, soy sauce cake and green tea waste) were obtained. Four types of TMR silage were used: control (C) containing roughage and commercial concentrate, T1:20% and T1:40% containing the five by‐products replacing 20% and 40% of the commercial concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and T2:40% containing three by‐products (potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue) replacing 40% of the commercial concentrate on a DM basis. The ingredients were mixed and preserved in oil drum silos for 4 months. The TMR silages showed 4.02–4.44% and 1.75–2.19% for pH and lactic acid contents, respectively. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient content were higher (P < 0.05) for T2:40% feeding than for C feeding. Urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for T2:40% than for C. The results suggested 40% replacing of commercial concentrate by using the three food by‐products can be most suitable for TMR silage.     

CMC-Na负载ε-PL/黄芩黄酮总苷元缓释保鲜涂膜研制

以中草药黄芩中的黄酮苷元类成分、聚赖氨酸、壳聚糖以及羧甲基纤维素钠为原料制备复合缓释保鲜涂膜,以期延长黄瓜的贮藏期。以黄瓜烂果率、失重率、V_C含量为主要新鲜度指标,基于单因素实验结果,选取三个影响显著的因素,采用响应面法优化复合缓释保鲜涂膜配方,以黄瓜感官评价为响应值进行保鲜研究,得出缓释保鲜膜的最佳配方为：黄芩黄酮总苷元浓度0.57%,壳聚糖浓度0.92%,CMC-Na浓度1.47%,聚赖氨酸浓度6%;用制备的最佳配方缓释保鲜膜在温度25℃、相对湿度65%条件下保鲜黄瓜达16d,对黄瓜烂果率、失重率的增长速度以及V_C含量的减少速度起到一定程度的减缓作用。所研制的复合缓释保鲜膜配方能够作为黄瓜贮藏保鲜的技术参考。     

产业协同集聚、数字经济与农业全要素生产率

为探究产业协同集聚与数字经济对农业全要素生产率的影响与作用机制,基于2013—2019年我国省级面板数据,采用SBM-GML指数对农业全要素生产率进行了测算,并使用系统GMM方法进行实证检验。结果表明:1)农业与二三产业协同集聚均显著促进了农业全要素生产率提高,且一三产业协同集聚对农业全要素生产率的促进作用更为明显。在一系列的稳健性检验后,结果依旧成立。2)数字经济对农业全要素生产率不仅存在显著的正向影响,还在一二产业协同集聚、一三产业协同集聚对农业全要素生产率影响中起到显著的正向调节作用。3)地区异质性研究发现,农业与二三产业协同集聚对西部地区与东北地区农业全要素生产率的促进作用更为明显;而数字经济对东中部地区农业全要素生产率的促进作用更为明显。为此,本研究提出了加强农业与二三产业交流协作、强化数字经济建设等提高农业全要素生产率的对策建议。