Assessing the population transmission dynamics of tilapia lake virus in farmed tilapia

A novel virus, tilapia lake virus (TiLV), has been identified as a key pathogen responsible for disease outbreak and mass mortality of farmed tilapia. We used a deterministic susceptible‐infectious‐mortality (SIM) model to derive key disease information appraised with published TiLV‐induced cumulative mortality data. The relationship between tilapia mortality and TiLV exposure dosages was described by the Hill model. Furthermore, a disease control model was proposed to determine the status of controlled TiLV infection using a parsimonious control reproduction number (R_C)‐control line criterion. Results showed that the key disease determinants of transmission rate and basic reproduction number (R₀) could be derived. The median R₀ estimate was 2.59 in a cohabitation setting with 2.6 × 10⁵ TCID50 fish^?1 TiLV. The present R_C‐control model can be employed to determine whether TiLV containment is feasible in an outbreak farm by quantifying the current level of transmission. The SIM model can then be applied to predict what additional control is required to manage R_C < 1. We offer valuable tools for aquaculture engineers and public health scientists the mechanistic‐based assessment that allows a more rigorous evaluation of different control strategies to reduce waterborne diseases in aquaculture farming systems.     

Aeromonas shuberti as a cause of multi‐organ necrosis in internal organs of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

A disease with white spots in internal organs of Nile tilapia occurred in Zhanjiang, southern China. Multiple, white nodules, 0.8–2.2 mm in diameter, were scattered throughout the liver, spleen and kidney of diseased fish. Signs of nodules reproduced after artificial infection with the isolated strain. Isolated bacteria were Gram‐negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, short rod‐shaped, with a length of 1.2–2.2 μm. Morphological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, all strongly indicated that the isolate from tilapia is identical to Aeromonas schubertii (A. schubertii) which temporary named LF1708 strain. Antibiotic sensitivity assays showed the LF1708 is sensitive to 24 of 27 tested antibiotics. Pathogenicity test revealed that the isolate at the dose of 3.75 × 10⁶ CFU/g killed 100% of experimental tilapia within 2 days and the dose of 1 × 10⁷ CFU/g killed 100% of experimental zebrafish within 1 day. Histopathology of diseased tilapia infected with A. schubertii showed numerous necrotic lesions widely distributed in spleen, liver and kidney, and infiltration with a large number of bacteria. To our knowledge, this was the first report that associated A. schubertii with mortality in tilapia.     

脉冲真空渗透预处理改善热泵干燥罗非鱼片品质

为了获得脉冲真空浸渍预处理条件对热泵干燥罗非鱼片品质的影响,以白度、脱水效率指数(DEI,dehydration efficiency index,)、Ca2+-ATPase活性、复水率和质构为检测指标,结合综合评分,进行了以循环率(真空维持时间/常压维持时间)、循环次数、真空压力和海藻糖浓度为预处理变化条件下单因素影响的系列试验。结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,每个单因素均有一个使干燥品质达到最佳的因素范围和最佳值。循环率在4∶4~5∶1min/min之间变化时,其综合品质较好,且以循环率为4∶2min/min时,综合评分达到最高。循环次数在3~5之间变化时,其综合品质与对照组相比提升幅度较高,且循环次数为4时,综合评分最高。脉冲真空压力在4~16 kPa之间变化时,对热泵干燥罗非鱼片的综合品质的提升效果较好,且真空压力为10 kPa时,综合评分最高。海藻糖质量浓度在90~170 g/L的范围内变化时,综合品质的提升效果较好,且海藻糖质量浓度在130 g/L时综合评分值最高。与常压渗透对照组相比,各品质指标都得到了不同程度的提升,各指标达到的最大升幅分别为:白度17.9%,复水率80%,Ca2+-ATPase活性93.6%,差异显著(P0.05)。脉冲真空条件下的浸渍预处理可以有效提升热泵干燥罗非片的综合品质,研究结果为改善同类产品干燥的预处理工艺提供参考。     

BDE-209在罗非鱼体内的代谢及其在烹饪过程中的变化

通过给罗非鱼喂食含十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的饲料,研究了BDE-209在鱼体内的代谢产物与生物可利用性,同时研究了罗非鱼肉中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)在烹饪过程中的变化。结果表明:BDE-209在鱼体中主要代谢产物有BDE-208、-207、-206、-154及六溴、七溴与八溴联苯醚,其中代谢产物贡献鱼肌肉PBDEs为(97±0.8)%,说明BDE-209主要以其代谢产物形式被鱼体富集,且BDE-209在罗非鱼体内的生物可利用性为(3.7±0.9)%。水煮和蒸的烹饪方式对罗非鱼体内PBDEs的摄食暴露风险的影响不显著,但高温油炸过程中BDE-209会生成降解产物,包括BDE-153、-183、-196、-197、-203、-206、-207、-208,将增加其的摄食暴露风险。因此,有机污染物的人体膳食暴露风险评估需考虑其在烹饪过程中的变化。     

广西主要养殖区内逃逸尼罗罗非鱼形态差异分析

[目的]明确地理生境对野外逃逸尼罗罗非鱼形态变异的影响,为今后研究罗非鱼种群入侵及制定防治对策提供参考依据.[方法]在广西玉林、南宁、钦州、贵港、防城港和北海6个主要养殖区域采集一龄左右的雄性逃逸尼罗罗非鱼自然群体,以形态测量、主成分分析、判别分析和聚类分析等方法进行形态特征和多变量形态度量分析.[结果]在尼罗罗非鱼全长、体长、体高、头长、吻长和体质量方面,均以玉林地区的最高、钦州地区的最低,且两地差异显著(P<0.05).主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分贡献率分别为74.31%、9.23%和6.21%,累积贡献率达89.75%,能较好地概括不同养殖区域野外逃逸尼罗罗非鱼的生长特征.判别分析结果表明,通过全长、体厚、头长、吻长、眼径、眼间距和体质量等7项体表性状建立的判别函数能有效区分不同养殖区域的尼罗罗非鱼,其综合判别准确率为96.11%.经聚类分析发现,钦州地区的尼罗罗非鱼与其他地区的相似性最低,变异程度最大,单独聚为一支.不同养殖区域尼罗罗非鱼样本体质量与全长、体长、体高、体厚、头长、吻长、眼径、眼间距间的相关性均极显著(P<0.01),其中与全长、体长和体高的相关系数较高,分别为0.9375、0.9359和0.8327,而与眼径的相关性最低(0.5947).[结论]主成分分析和判别分析是辨别逃逸罗非鱼来源的可行手段,而分析逃逸尼罗罗非鱼的全长、体长和体质量有助于了解其生存状态,并为控制其入侵提供参考依据.     

不同饵料投喂率对罗非鱼生长、水质和水体微生物群落代谢多样性的影响

为了研究不同饵料投喂率对养殖罗非鱼生长效应、水质指标和微生物群落代谢多样性的影响,以(16±0.20)g的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为研究对象,探究不同饵料投喂率对罗非鱼生长以及水质指标的影响,同时,采用Biolog-ECO方法检测养殖水体中微生物对31种碳源的利用能力,研究不同饵料投喂率下的微生物代谢多样性的差异。研究结果表明,4%饵料投喂率下的罗非鱼饵料系数最低,饵料利用率较高,高投饵率对水质影响较大,不同饵料投喂率对养殖水体微生物代谢多样性有影响,4%饵料投喂率的Shannon指数较大,水体中的微生物种类较多;Pearson相关性分析表明,COD、TN、TP、NH₃-N对水体微生物代谢β-甲基D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、甘氨酰-L-谷氨酸具有显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。综合考虑,在罗非鱼养殖生产过程中,兼顾生态效益和经济效益,应该合理的进行饵料的投喂,初始大小为16 g左右的罗非鱼饵料投喂率为4%上下为宜。     

Tilapia wild spawning control through predator fishes: Israelitrial with red-drum and hybrid bass

Tilapia wild spawning is a nuisance in warm freshwater aquaculture growout ponds. To cope with this problem two experiments were carried out with predatory fish that do not reproduce in fresh water. One experiment tested the capacity of hybrid bass (Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops) and red-drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) as predators of wild spawning of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O.aureus), and the other compared predation effectiveness of red-drum of different sizes and stocking densities.Both hybrid bass and red-drum effectively reduced tilapia wild spawning and improved by 15–20% tilapia performance and food conversion ratio. These effects were obtained stocking small red-drum (20 g) or large red-drum (60–80 g) or bass (135 g) at stocking densities of 500–1000 predators/ha, together with 15000 tilapia/ha of 65–75 g. Hybrid bass stocked at 750/ha and large red-drum stocked at 500/ha presented over 90% survival. Red-drum at higher stocking density and/or lower stocking weight presented reduced survival (40–60%). Red-drum of all examined stocking weights presented better growth rates when stocked at 500/ha than at higher densities.     

The fishery of the Ea Kao reservoir, southern Vietnam: a fishery based on a combination of stock and recapture, and self-recruiting populations

The present paper describes the fishery of the Ea Kao reservoir in south Vietnam. Historical data on the total production and total numbers of fish stocked were available from 1983 to 1996, and this information, together with the results of monthly monitoring of the fishery from June 1996 to December 1998, was used in the present study. A number of gears are used in the Ea Kao fishery, the most important being gill, lift and integrated nets, and beach seines. The fishery of Ea Kao is based on the annual stocking of advanced fry/early fingerlings of 0.3–1.0-g bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson), silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cuvier & Valenciennes) and rohu, Labeo rohita Hamilton, as well as the self-recruiting indigenous species Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin and two exotic species, i.e. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. On average, the regularly stocked species contribute to 78% of total production, which has been around 400–450 kg ha⁻¹ in the last few years. The monthly peak catches of stocked species tend to coincide with the rainy season from May to October and the catches of self-recruiting species peak between February and April. A significant relationship ( P < 0.001) exists between the stocking density in year n (SD, n ha⁻¹) and the yield of stocked fish in year n + 1 ( Y , kg ha⁻¹):     

罗非鱼鳃组织中脂肪氧合酶的性质研究

试验结果表明脂肪氧合酶最适反应温度为30℃,最适pH为10.0和4.0。在pH10.0的条件下,最适底物浓度为2.5×10-4mol/L,Km值为0.073mmol/L,Vmax值为3.08×104U/mgprotein.min。EDTA对该酶有较强的抑制作用。而在pH4.0的条件下,最适底物浓度为5×10-4mol/L,BHA、BHT、TBHQ等抗氧化剂有较强的抑制作用。     

白藜芦醇对红罗非鱼肠道组织学和炎症因子含量的影响

本试验旨在探究饲料中添加白藜芦醇(Res)对高脂摄食红罗非鱼生长性能、腹脂沉积、肠道组织结构及炎症因子含量的影响.选用红罗非鱼360尾,设置8％脂肪(A组)、10％脂肪(B组)、10％脂肪+Res(C组)以及10％脂肪+Res+抑制剂EX527(D组)4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,试验期为63 d.分别在第3、...