Overall development of a bioprocess for the outdoor production of Nannochloropsis gaditana for aquaculture

In this paper, a systematic methodology is shown for the scaling‐up of Nannochloropsis gaditana production for aquaculture uses. First, an adequate culture medium was developed, prepared using fertilizers instead of pure chemicals. Subsequently, the performance of N. gaditana was modelled as a function of average irradiance; this model being validated in continuous culture experiments. The model was used to determine the optimal dilution rate as well as the expected biomass concentration and productivity at optimal conditions. Finally, outdoor experiments were performed to confirm the model's validity and to determine optimal conditions at real production step. Biomass productivity values of up to 0.08 g L^?1 day^?1 were obtained at an optimal dilution rate of 0.25 per day in 0.2 m wide flat‐panel reactors using culture medium containing 0.4 g/L NO^?₃ and 0.034 g/L·PO₄^?3. Fish trials with Atlantic Salmon demonstrated that the inclusion of produced biomass into fed increase the final weight up to 5%, thus confirming the adequacy of the biomass produced for aquaculture uses. The growth model and the scaling‐up strategy proposed here are necessary to develop real industrial‐scale processes capable of supplying microalgal biomass to the aquaculture markets, which in turn require a guaranteed supply and quality of the raw materials provided.     

越冬结球甘蓝新品种‘苏甘27’

‘苏甘27’是由自交不亲和系Y7-2-4和M83-3-2-2杂交育成的中熟结球甘蓝一代杂种。叶球扁圆形,典型单球质量2.0 kg,从定植到采收150 d,产量在75 000 kg ? hm-2以上。耐寒性强,苗期耐高温能力强,抗软腐病和菌核病,耐贮性和品质好。适合中国长江流域及以南地区作越冬栽培。     

High-EPA Biomass from Nannochloropsis salina Cultivated in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor on a Process Water-Enriched Growth Medium

Nannochloropsis salina was grown on a mixture of standard growth media and pre-gasified industrial process water representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of enriched growth media and cultivation time on nutritional composition of Nannochloropsis salina biomass, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Variations in fatty acid composition, lipids, protein, amino acids, tocopherols and pigments were studied and results compared to algae cultivated on F/2 media as reference. Mixed growth media and process water enhanced the nutritional quality of Nannochloropsis salina in laboratory scale when compared to algae cultivated in standard F/2 medium. Data from laboratory scale translated to the large scale using a 4000 L flat panel photo-bioreactor system. The algae growth rate in winter conditions in Denmark was slow, but results revealed that large-scale cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina at these conditions could improve the nutritional properties such as EPA, tocopherol, protein and carotenoids compared to laboratory-scale cultivated microalgae. EPA reached 44.2% ± 2.30% of total fatty acids, and α-tocopherol reached 431 ± 28 µg/g of biomass dry weight after 21 days of cultivation. Variations in chemical compositions of Nannochloropsis salina were studied during the course of cultivation. Nannochloropsis salina can be presented as a good candidate for winter time cultivation in Denmark. The resulting biomass is a rich source of EPA and also a good source of protein (amino acids), tocopherols and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.     

崇西潮滩湿地木本工程物种引种的初步研究

崇西湖滩湿地高潮区引种工程物种成活率及生长状况的研究结果表明：（1）根据物种的成活率来看,对潮汐干扰适应性表现最好的物种有落雨杉、沼生栎和喜树;表现较好的有细叶水团花、江南桤木、木麻黄、枫杨、重阳木、鸟桕和白杜;表现一般的有彩叶杞柳、海滨木槿和构树;表现较差的为常青白蜡;不能适应的有美国复叶槭、朴树、榉树、苦楝、枸杞、桑和枣。除了喜树和构树没有变化外,其他工程物种第2年的成活率较第1年都有了不同程度的下降;（2）综合各工程物种引种2年后的生长指标（高度、冠辐和胸径等）,成活的乔木物种中,江南桤木的生长态势最好,生长速度最快,其他生长态势较好的有落雨杉、沼生栎和木麻黄;成活的灌木中,海滨木槿、彩叶杞柳和细叶水团花的生长态势较好;（3）综合引种物种的成活率和生长指标,崇西湿地高潮区在今后大规模营建有林湿地的过程中,江南桤木是应该重点引种的乔木物种,其他推荐的引种乔木还有落雨杉、沼生栎、木麻黄;细叶水团花是最适宜引种的灌木,而彩叶杞柳和海滨木槿可以进行适量的引种,并加以精细的维护和管理,同样可以达到增加景观多样性的效果。     

Experimental Analysis of Construction Time Space Effect for Large Span and Flat Multi Arch Tunnel

For the large span and flat, together with the interaction effect of construction and disturbance of surrounding rock, the mechanical of large span and flat multi arch tunnel is very complicated, and the time space effect is different from that of two lane multi arch tunnel or separated tunnel. Adopting the “CTSSSRH”, the 3 D dynamic process of the tunnel construction was simulated. Analyzing the rule of surrounding rock displacement and stress with excavation, the time space effect of large span and flat multi arch tunnel was proposed.     

新疆早露蟠桃果实的生长发育特性

以蟠桃(Prunus persica L. Batsch)品种早露为试材,研究了果实发育过程中纵横径、单果鲜重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖、还原糖及抗坏血酸含量的变化.结果表明:新疆早露蟠桃果实发育期为盛花后60～70 d;果实发育过程中纵横径的变化与单果鲜重变化趋势一致,呈正相关;可溶性固形物含量与总糖含量变化趋势一致,即前期逐渐升高,至60 d后下降;此外,还原糖及抗坏血酸含量也表现出先升后降的变化趋势,而可滴定酸含量则在整个发育期呈逐渐下降趋势;由此认为,早露蟠桃在新疆乌鲁木齐地区能较好地保持品种特性,果实适宜的采收时期为盛花后60 d左右,口感风味较佳.     

施用氮磷肥对苏北滩涂围垦土壤盐渍化水平的影响

以苏北滩涂围垦土壤为研究对象,采用完全随机区组设计,通过种植碱篷与施用氮磷肥等种植模式,评价不同施肥方式对围垦土壤盐渍化水平的影响。对各处理的土壤盐分八大离子、pH、EC、总碱度(TA)、钠化率(ESP)、钠吸附比(SAR)进行因子分析,提取的3个主因子解释了总方差的84.16%,并且EC、Cl-、Na+、SAR和ESP在因子1上有较高的载荷,代表滩涂土壤的盐碱特征;Ca2+与SO24-在因子2上有较高的载荷,反映土壤的结构状况;TA和CO23-在因子3上有较高的载荷,代表着滩涂土壤的碱化特征。比较盐渍化水平综合评价得分可知,裸地的盐渍化水平最高,与其他各处理相比均达到显著性差异,滩涂围垦土壤种植碱篷后,盐渍化程度均得到明显地降低。尿素与过磷酸钙对围垦土壤的盐渍化水平的影响存在交互作用,其中过磷酸钙对盐渍化的影响起主导作用。     

平原河网区改善水环境引水配水方案设计

引水配水已成为当前改善平原河网区水环境状况的重要技术手段,而科学合理的引水配水方案无疑是提高水环境改善效果的重要依托。其设计原则、引水方式、配水方式以及相应流量的确定是整个引水配水方案设计的关键,而根据不同边界条件与不同流量状况确立的"间断引水"与"连续引水"、"同时配水"与"轮流配水"则较好地解决了引水配水方案设计与调度管理中的技术问题,其出发点在于最大限度地改善河网的水力条件,并以水力条件的改善促进河网水环境状况的日渐好转。     

蟠桃果实总RNA提取方法的研究

[目的]筛选获得提取蟠桃果肉中总RNA的适宜方法.[方法]以盛花后100 d的蟠桃为材料,采用Transplant plus植物总RNA提取试剂提取法、RNAisoTM试剂盒法、改良SDS法、改良CTAB法等四种方法提取总RNA.[结果]两种试剂盒法提取的总RNA质量差,有严重的基因组污染;改良SDS法提取物中含有大量的多糖;采用改良CTAB法所得RNA完整性好,条带清晰无降解,无基因组污染.经过RT - PCR和Northern blot检测后,表明该RNA能够满足后续分子生物学操作的要求.[结论]蟠桃果实总RNA适宜提取方法-改良CTAB法的确定为后续果实发育分子生物学的研究奠定了基础.     

覆膜、沟垄作对旱作农田玉米产量和水分利用的叠加效应

为了揭示黄土高原半干旱区玉米(Zea mays L.)种植中覆膜、沟垄作的增产作用和水分利用特征, 布设大田定位试验, 包括全覆膜沟垄作、全覆膜平作、半覆膜平作和不覆膜平作4个处理。结果发现, 连续3个平水年中, 全膜沟垄作集成了全覆膜与沟垄作的优点, 产生明显的叠加效应, 较半膜平作分别增产2282.9、2460.2和2765.5 kg hm^-2, 增产率为32.3%、49.8%和46.5%。其中, 全覆膜的贡献分别为59.3%、90.3%和20.9%, 沟垄作的贡献分别为40.7%、9.7%和79.1%。叠加效应中全覆膜与沟垄作对产量的贡献呈此消彼长态势, 连作前两年, 全覆膜的作用大于沟垄作, 连作第3年, 沟垄作的作用大于全覆膜。玉米的水分利用效率, 全膜沟垄作较半膜平作的增幅为10.6%~25.2%。在同等降水条件下, 全覆膜沟垄作、全覆膜平作处理播前土壤贮水量较不覆膜平作增幅分别达6.3%~15.1%和3.5%~11.5%。收获期土壤贮水量明显低于不覆膜平作, 降幅达6.0%~12.9%和4.7%~7.5%。随着连作年限的增长, 土壤贮水量呈递减趋势, 连作第2、第3年收获期全覆膜沟垄作、全覆膜平作较连作开始土壤贮水量分别降低37.1%、44.0%和35.5%、40.9%, 连作第2年全覆膜沟垄作在50~200 cm出现干燥化现象, 第3年各处理30~200 cm土层均出现干燥化现象。综上所述, 全覆膜沟垄作具有明显的增产和提高水分利用效率的作用, 但其较高的产量以高耗水为代价, 在连续低降水条件下, 3年玉米连作会导致土壤干燥化, 存在生态安全风险。