Relative Efficiency Evaluation on Water Resource Utilization

Water resource allocation was defined as an input-output question in this paper, and a preliminary input-output index system was set up. Then GEM （group eigenvalue method）-MAUE （multi-attribute utility theory） model was applied to evaluate relative efficiency of water resource allocation plans. This model determined weights of indicators by GEM, and assessed the allocation schemes by MAUE. Compared with DEA （Data Envelopment Analysis） or ANN （Artificial Neural Networks）, the mode was more applicable in some cases where decision-makers had preference for certain indicators     

某连续刚构桥的施工阶段结构分析

随着西部大开发的深入,贵州、广西等山岭地区的道路桥梁等交通建设进入了快速发展时期,而鉴于上述地区山高沟深的特点,高墩大跨连续刚构桥被广泛应用,本文结合工程实例对连续刚构桥的设计理论进行了探讨。     

Analysis and Countermeasures for Books Borrowing Service System：Taking the LibrmT of Shaanxi Railway Institute as an example

采用实地调查方法分析图书馆服务系统概况和服务包支撑奈件，绘制借还书服务系统蓝图分析该系统优缺点，运用管理运筹学中的排队方法解析问题原因，提出改善服务系统的对策，包括增设统一服务台，加强同信息用户联系等方法。     

Computational chemistry study of the environmentally important acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of atrazine and related 2-chloro-s-triazines

Many chlorine-containing pesticides, for example 2-chloro-s-triazines, are of great concern both environmentally and toxicologically. As a result, ascertaining or predicting the fate and transport of these compounds in soils and water is of current interest. Transformation pathways for 2-chloro-s-triazines in the environment include dealkylation, dechlorination (hydrolysis), and ring cleavage. This study explored the feasibility of using computational chemistry, specifically the hybrid density functional theory method, B3LYP, to predict hydrolysis trends of atrazine (2-chloro-N4-ethyl-N6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and related 2-chloro-s-triazines to the corresponding 2-hydroxy-s-triazines. Gas-phase energetics are described on the basis of calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Calculated free energies of hydrolysis (delta h G298) are nearly the same for simazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), atrazine, and propazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-di-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), suggesting that hydrolysis is not significantly affected by the side-chain amine-nitrogen alkyl substituents. High-energy barriers also suggest that the reactions are not likely to be observed in the gas phase. Aqueous solvation effects were examined by means of self-consistent reaction field methods (SCRF). Molecular structures were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using the Onsager model, and solvation energies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level using the isodensity surface polarizable continuum model (IPCM). Although the extent of solvent stabilization was greater for cationic species than neutral ones, the full extent of solvation is underestimated, especially for the transition state structures. As a consequence, the calculated hydrolysis barrier for protonated atrazine is exaggerated compared with the experimentally determined one. Overall, the hydrolysis reactions follow a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) pathway.     

建构主义学习理论与大学英语听说教学

大学英语的教学目标是培养学生的英语综合运用能力，特别是听说能力。针对目前大学英语听说课中存在的实际问题，文章将以建构主义学习理论为基础探讨如何改进大学英语听说教学。     

The Eco-field Hypothesis: Toward a Cognitive Landscape

Cognition is recognized as an essential component of the living strategies of organisms and the use of cognitive approaches based on an organismic-centered-view is discussed as a strategy to aid the advancement of landscape ecology to a more independent scientific discipline. The incorporation of the theory of information, the theory of meaning and the Umwelt, and the biosemiotic models into the landscape ecology framework is described as the necessary step to create a common paradigmatic background and operational tools to develop basis for a cognitive landscape ecology. Three cognitive landscapes (neutrality-based landscape, individual-based landscape and observer-based landscape) have been described as the result of distinctive mechanisms to extract information from a cognitive matrix based on a growing literature of (bio)semiotic exchange. The eco-field hypothesis is presented as a new possibility to describe landscape processes according to an organismic-centered-view. The eco-field is defined as a spatial configuration carrier of a specific meaning perceived when a specific living function is activated. A species-specific cognitive landscape is composed of all the spatial configurations involved for all the living functions for a particular organism. Eco-field hypothesis offers a detailed vision of (habitat) environmental requirements and creates a novel conceptual bridge between niche, habitat, Umwelt and the methodological approaches of spatial ecology. Finally the eco-field hypothesis promises a new testing ground for experimental investigations in landscape ecology and in related disciplines including environmental psychology, cognitive ethology, cultural ecology, landscape aesthetics, design and planning.     

用虚拟水理论探讨干旱区生态用水问题

新疆有限的水资源不可避免地导致绿洲农业经济用水与生态用水的矛盾.虚拟水理论是有别于传统水资源配置的一个新理论.通过分析目前新疆绿洲农业生产用水与生态用水的现状,计算出新疆主要农作物的虚拟水含量,尝试用虚拟水策略探讨干旱区水资源的合理利用,并分析该理论在新疆水资源利用方面的前景,以及存在的一些问题.     

环境艺术设计中的生态理论综述

分析了环境设计以及生态理论的基本含义,探讨了在环境设计中按照生态理论进行设计的必要性,对相关理论进行了综述。     

风水文化在植物景观中的应用研究

从风水文化的视角探讨了植物景观中的阴阳属性、五行学说和象征寓意，并以此为指导，研究了风水文化在植物景观的空间营造、物种配置和主题构建三个方面的应用，提出了尊重植物的生长环境和规律、选择有利于人类生活需要和身心健康的植物、赋予植物思想文化内涵，进而构建宜居的植物景观氛围的建议。     

饲料添加剂双乙酸钠的5P营销策略

基于产品(product)、价格(price)、地点(place)和推广(promotion)等市场营销4P策略的内容,结合双乙酸钠的特征、应用和市场现状,整合融入营销平台(platform),即从4P策略过渡到5P策略,并对双乙酸钠市场营销的5P策略实施进行了分析与探讨.