面条食用品质评价方法研究

以25个中澳小麦品种(系)为材料,研究了影响面条品质评价结果的因素,以及客观性品质评价方法在面条食用品质评价中应用的可行性,并对其中存在的问题进行了分析与探讨。结果表明,面条的尺寸、评价方法、加盐与否等都会对参试小麦品种(系)面条品质评价结果的绝对值和相对排序产生重要影响。因此,在评价小麦品种(系)的面条加工适应性时,一定要注意保持各个操作步骤的一致性与标准化。用一种方法来评价不同小麦品种(系)所制面条的食用品质时,应采用的较优条件为:用细面条、不加盐、最佳煮制时间的样品准备方式,相同放置时间、相同样品评价前处理方式。当多种评价方法结合使用时,选用宽面条可以较好的保持评价结果的一致性。在用QTS-25型质构仪评价面条品质时,可用粘结性评价细面条的光滑性,用断裂力和咀嚼性评价宽面条的韧性。     

Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes

Fifteen, one year old swamp buffalo males with average liveweight of 200.5 ± 9.5 kg were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design to receive three dietary treatments of supplemental vegetable oils in concentrate contained 140, 750, and 16 g of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and ether extract, respectively (T1 = unsupplemented, T2 = supplemental coconut oil and sunflower oil in ratio 50:50 at 6% of concentrate, and T3 = supplemental sunflower oil at 6% of concentrate) during a 5-month feeding trial. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum and concentrate was supplemented at 150 g/kg BW. The results revealed that supplementation of vegetable oils decreased dry matter intake in sunflower oil supplemented group. Combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil supplementation resulted in similar average daily gain as those found in control and in sunflower oil supplemented groups. Rumen microorganism population, ammonia–nitrogen, blood urea–nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were decreased as vegetable oils were supplemented. Oil supplementation slightly reduced growth rate, hot carcass percentage, loin eye area particularly on sunflower oil supplemented group. Based on these findings, vegetable oil resulted in decreased performance of swamp buffaloes although the combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil could reduce negative effect of unsaturated oil supplementation. However, further analyses of conjugated fatty acids (CLA) in meat could offer useful information in determining pronounced effects of vegetable oil supplementation.     

用氨基酸自动分析仪分析色氨酸方法研究

比较研究多种水解剂及水解条件对蛋白质色氨酸（ＴＲＰ）的分析效果，结果证明４ｍｏｌ／ＬＬｉＯＨ１１０℃水解２０ｈ效果最好，其次是５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ＋５％ＳｎＣｌ２１１０℃，２０ｈ。进一步试验发现６ｍｏｌ／ＬＬｉＯＨ１２０℃水解６ｈ可以缩短水解时间，其样品回收率与４ｍｏｌ／ＬＬｉＯＨ条件的相当或略高。实验证明样品水解必须充入高纯氮气。试验了排除氨干扰的方法，认为直接除氨法可有效消除氨对测定的影响。对中和条件、样品水解液的保存进行了试验。经改进上机分析程序，可节省２／３的茚三酮试剂。     

适宜压力条件保持减压贮藏杏鲍菇品质

为了探讨不同压力对杏鲍菇减压贮藏品质的影响,以杏鲍菇为试材,采用0.07 mm的低密度聚乙烯袋抽真空减压包装,置于4℃下贮藏,研究杏鲍菇在0.10、0.06、0.04、0.02 MPa 4个压力条件下生理生化及品质的变化规律。结果表明:相对于常压(0.10 MPa),0.06、0.04 MPa在不同程度上可降低杏鲍菇子实体的呼吸强度,保持超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性,抑制膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的升高,延缓杏鲍菇子实体的衰老进程,抑制多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性,保持杏鲍菇的色泽,以及杏鲍菇的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性等质地品质。其中0.04MPa相对于其他压力贮藏效果较佳。0.02 MPa使杏鲍菇的生理生化及品质变化出现了异常。由此可得,适当压力范围内减压贮藏可以有效延缓杏鲍菇的成熟与衰老进程,较好地保持其品质,有效延长其贮藏期。     

基于GIS和RS的土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究——以冀北地区为例

 冀北地区土壤侵蚀以水蚀和风蚀为主,根据水利部颁布的《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(1997),参考有关学者提出的土壤风蚀强度分级指标,构建研究区土壤侵蚀强度的分级指标。运用GIS和RS技术,提取土地利用、坡度、植被覆盖度、土壤质地等信息,通过GIS空间叠加分析,得出冀北地区土壤侵蚀强度分级图,详细研究土壤侵蚀强度的空间分布特征;进一步与土地利用图叠加,分析不同土壤侵蚀强度下的土地利用特征和不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀状况。     

土壤磷扩散规律及其能量特征的研究──Ⅰ．水分、质地、温度及其相互作用对磷扩散的影响

用＾３２Ｐ示踪扩散池和扩散管法测定了４种不同质地土壤在不同含水量和温度下的磷自扩散系数。结果表明，非饱和土壤磷扩散系数随土壤水分含量增加或土壤水吸力减小而增大，符合幂函 数Ｄａ＝ａＷ＾ｂ＝ａＳ＾－ｂ关系；质地对磷扩散的影响与土壤水分条件密切相关，在同一含水量下，轻质土壤Ｄａ值大于粘质土，Ｄａ与粘粒含量呈显著负相关，而同吸力下与此恰好相反。饱和土壤磷扩散系数比Ｄａ值通常大２－３个数量级，但不同土壤之     

‘秦冠’和‘富士’质地差异的解剖学观察及相关酶活性研究

以质地品质差异明显的2个苹果品种‘富士’和‘秦冠’为试材,观察发育过程中果肉细胞显微结构,测定果实的脆度和硬度及细胞壁相关代谢酶和淀粉酶(AM)的活性,并进行相关性分析,找出导致这2个品种质地差异的关键因素。结果表明:1花后85d前,2个品种的果肉细胞大小相似,而在花后85d时,‘富士’果肉细胞明显增大,显著大于‘秦冠’果肉细胞,并且在花后115d时细胞又一次显著增大。而‘秦冠’果肉细胞仅在花后100d时显著增大,此后增长不显著。2在果实发育过程中,‘秦冠’和‘富士’的果实硬度和脆度均逐渐降低。‘富士’果实的脆度一直较‘秦冠’高。花后100d前‘富士’果实的硬度高于‘秦冠’,而花后115d至果实成熟期间均显著低于‘秦冠’。3花后115d以后‘秦冠’的果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性明显高于‘富士’,而‘富士’的β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)活性明显高于‘秦冠’。相关性分析表明,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和PME活性与‘秦冠’的质地呈显著负相关,而β-Gal活性与‘富士’的质地呈显著负相关。可见,随着果实生长发育,‘秦冠’和‘富士’质地品质的差异除表现在果肉细胞显微结构上外,还与一些代谢酶密切相关,PG和PME是‘秦冠’果实质地变化的关键酶,而β-Gal在‘富士’质地变化中发挥关键作用。     

深耕和秸秆还田对不同质地土壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

在壤土和黏土中分别设置了常规耕作+秸秆还田(CT)、深耕+秸秆还田(DT)、深耕+秸秆不还田(DNT)3个处理,探讨了深耕和秸秆还田对土壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响。结果表明,深耕和秸秆还田对土壤团聚体组成的影响受土壤质地和土层深度影响,两者均显著影响壤土和黏土0~10 cm土层粒径大于10 mm和粒径介于1~5 mm机械稳定性团聚体的含量,对10~20 cm土层无显著影响;两者对壤土中水稳定性团聚体组成的影响较黏土大,两者均增加壤土和黏土0~10 cm土层粒径介于3~5 mm水稳定性团聚体的含量,降低粒径小于0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体的含量,对10~20 cm土层无显著影响。总体上,深耕能增加壤土耕层下部和黏土机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体平均质量直径,秸秆还田能增加壤土和黏土机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体平均质量直径,进而增加土壤团聚体的稳定性。     

Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer

The Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer is a new instrument which has more advantages than the traditional Sound Analyzer. This Analyzer is based on fast Fourie transformation and virtual instrument technique.As an application, combining software and hardware, all kinds of weight noise sound level measurement and real-time noise octave analyzes realized synchronously. The design method has been introduced from three ways, which includes hardware, software and panel. An applied example and error analyze of Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer are given.This Analyzer is low cost, small volume. and it is also easy to operate. It can be widely used in actual applications.