Activities of biotransformation enzymes in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and their modulation by in vivo administration of mebendazole and flubendazole

Basal activities of certain pheasant hepatic and intestinal biotransformation enzymes and modulation of their activities by anthelmintics flubendazole (FLBZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) were investigated in subcellular fractions that were prepared from liver and small intestine of control and FLBZ or MBZ treated birds. Several oxidation, reduction and conjugation enzyme activities were assessed. In the liver, treatment of pheasants by FLBZ or MBZ caused very slight or no changes in monooxygenase activities and conjugation enzymes. More significative changes were detected in small intestine. Metyrapone and daunorubicin reductase activities were increased by both substances in the liver. This is the first evidence that certain benzimidazoles modulate reductases of carbonyl group. With respect to the relatively slight extent of the changes caused by FLBZ or MBZ we can assume that repeated administration of therapeutic doses of both FLBZ and MBZ has probably no serious influence on pheasant biotransformation enzyme system.     

小睾丸间性羊鉴别的研究 Ⅱ.血液鼓槌计数、血浆睾酮测定和睾丸组织学检查

本研究证实小睾丸萨能奶山羊有3种类型,即发育一般和发育较差的两种正常公羊,以及一种间性学。间性羊的特征是:血液鼓槌数在正常母羊范围内(3个以上);4月龄血浆睾酮水平接近发育良好的正常公羊值;4月龄睾丸曲细精管萎缩、变性、坏死、无精子发生。认为这三个特征可作为小睾丸间性羊的早期诊断指标。鼓槌计数和精液检查,方法简便而可靠,可在生产中应用。     

皮下埋植甲基睾酮对兴国灰鹅增重影响的观察

６０只兴国灰鹅随机分为试验组与对照组。试验组鹅在３０日龄每羽翅下埋植甲基睾酮２０ｍｇ。两组鹅在完全相同条件下混群饲养。在３０，４５，６０日龄分别称体重。表明兴国灰鹅在３０至４５日龄增重较快（♂♀平均８０６．７ｇ／１５ｄ），在４５至６０日龄时增重减慢（♂♀平均４７９．２ｇ／１５ｄ）。埋植睾酮对母鹅增重没有影响，其中：试验组４５日龄（１５８３．３±２０５．５）ｇ，６０日龄（２０２２．２±２８９．７）ｇ；对照组４５日龄（１６２８．１±２４０．４）ｇ，６０日龄（２０９０．６±２８４．１）ｇ，ｐ＞０．０５。３０日龄未达１０００ｇ体重的公鹅埋植睾酮后对增重没有影响。３０日龄体重达１０００ｇ以上的公鹅埋植睾酮后比３０日龄体重达１０００ｇ以上的对照公鹅增重略快，其中：试验组４５Ｒ龄（２２００±１４７．２）ｇ。６０日龄（２６８３．３±１６９．９）ｇ；对照组４５日龄（２１７０±５９．９）ｇ，６０日龄（２６３７．５±１２４．４）ｇ。     

鸵鸟主要性激素分泌规律的研究

本研究旨在观察鸵鸟一年中激素分泌规律与发情行为的相关性,为采精和输精掌握最准确的时间,采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定样品中促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌激素(E2)和睾酮(T)的浓度水平。结果表明:①雌鸵鸟血浆内FSH水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化,从11月开始上升,12、2、7月中出现3个明显的分泌波峰,峰值分别为114.354、130.168和144.375 mIU/mL,6月中旬达到全年中最低22.312 mIU/mL;②E2水平在1~5月都呈缓慢上升趋势,在7月突然下降到最低(18.874 pg/mL),9月达全年最高峰(367.285 pg/mL);③雄鸵鸟血浆睾酮(T)浓度从1~6月一直呈上升趋势,6月达到较高水平(121.473 ng/dL),8月达到全年中最低(77.166 pg/dL),到10月中旬达到全年最高(138.562 ng/dL);鸵鸟血浆内FSH、E2及T的浓度水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化与发情表现趋于一致。     

多代驯化对布氏田鼠非繁殖期性激素本底水平的影响

为阐明驯化过程对季节性繁殖的布氏田鼠Lasiopodomys brandtii性腺活性的影响,采用放射免疫技术从秋季(11月)至翌年春季(3月)对室内驯化1月、3年和10年的雌雄鼠粪便中的性激素水平进行监测。结果显示,在11—12月非繁殖季节,驯化10年组雄鼠睾酮水平分别达到3年组和1月组的3.5倍和13.3倍,驯化10年组雌鼠雌二醇水平分别达到3年组和1月组的2.0倍和3.7倍,且差异均达到显著水平;长期(3年和10年)驯化组雄鼠在繁殖初期(1—3月)的睾酮水平也较短期驯化组显示出更大幅度的提升。表明在经历长期驯化后布氏田鼠对稳定的室内环境逐渐适应,非繁殖期性腺活性抑制的程度逐渐减弱,呈现出随驯化时长增加而逐渐递增的趋势,从而导致鼠类繁殖表型发生了可塑性变化。     

光照对公鸡军丸组织结构和功能的影响

将114只15日龄“伊莎”公鸡随机分为两组(实验组和对用组),每组57只.实验组以151x的照度、9L:3D:5L:7D的间歇光照周期补加光照,使每天的光照时间达14h,对照组仅接受自然光照.结果表明:不同日龄实验组鸡的血浆睾酮含量均略高于相应的对照组;实验组鸡的精液品质高于对照组.各日龄实验组鸡左、右侧睾丸的重量和体积均略大于相应的对照组,精细管管径均显著地大于相应的对照组;150日龄时,实验组鸡精细管管壁厚度显著大于对照组,实验组鸡睾丸内不同发育阶段的生精细胞的数量明显多于对照组,但两组间各发育阶段的生精细胞的超微结构未见差异.     

丙酸盐在反刍动物中的应用

丙酸盐是一类高效、安全的添加剂,具有防霉、防腐和治疗疾病等功能,广泛应用于饲料加工业。丙酸盐在瘤胃中可分解为丙酸和矿物元素,其中丙酸是其主要的有效成分。丙酸盐可促进瘤胃发育,参与血糖调节,维持能量平衡,因此,生产中丙酸盐可用于治疗酮病。当前,有关丙酸盐的试验大多还停留在瘤胃灌注阶段,体外试验集中在肝脏糖异生途径上,围绕能量代谢展开,而有关在生产性能和发酵水平的研究较少。随着短链脂肪酸在医学领域的深入探索,为其在畜牧业中的应用带来了新的契机,丙酸是否具有促进瘤胃发育、缓解炎症及增强免疫的能力有待进一步探究和验证。作者主要介绍了丙酸盐的代谢途径与作用机制,并结合生产性能和维持健康两方面阐述了丙酸盐在反刍动物营养上的应用,揭示了丙酸盐的潜在价值,以期为其在反刍动物领域的应用提供科学依据。     

Epostane对公兔血清睾酮、皮质醇的影响

将不同剂量的Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ静脉注射成年公兔，测定注射后１、２、３、２４小时血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的变化。结果显示注射Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ后公兔血清睾酮水平增加且与剂量相关；低剂量Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ显著地降低血清皮质醇水平。     

雄激素和氢化可的松对山羊附睾头上皮细胞增殖的影响

为研究雄激素和氢化可的松对山羊附睾上皮细胞生长的作用模式,本研究利用酶标仪检测附睾头部上皮细胞增殖情况,实时荧光定量PCR及ELISA检测雄激素受体(AR)的表达,检测睾酮与氢化可的松对山羊附睾上皮细胞体外增殖的作用以及对AR表达的影响。结果表明:100nmol/L睾酮对附睾头上皮细胞增殖的促进效应最高且与对照组差异极显著(P0.01),200nmol/L氢化可的松促进附睾头上皮细胞增殖效应最佳并与对照组差异显著(P0.05),前者的效应明显且可以被AR阻断剂阻断;睾酮和氢化可的松对附睾头上皮细胞增殖表现为协同作用;100nmol/L睾酮与200nmol/L氢化可的松均使附睾头上皮细胞的AR mRNA和蛋白表达量上调,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),且二者共存时附睾头上皮细胞的AR mRNA和蛋白表达量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。本研究表明睾酮和氢化可的松对附睾头上皮细胞体外增殖均有促进作用,呈明显的浓度依赖性,且二者之间存在协同作用,这为进一步研究附睾上皮细胞增殖及功能的调节机理提供了基础。     

Homeopathic complex increases survival without affecting the performance of Nile tilapia during masculinization

During the masculinization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, the effect of a homeopathic complex (containing Chamomilla, Quina, and sulphur) was evaluated based on survival, performance, gills and liver integrity, and parasitism. Group fed with basal diet + 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (control) showed low survival (40.02%), while the group that additionally received homeopathy and the group that received sucrose (vehicle) showed 73.7% and 87.7% survival, respectively. The growth performance of the group that received homeopathic and the control group was significantly higher than that of the group that received only sucrose. Still, fish that received the homeopathic complex showed higher branchial and hepatic integrity as compared to the other groups. The homeopathic complex contributes to a greater survival of fish in addition to maintaining satisfactory growth. Furthermore, homeopathy contributes to the improvement in gill and liver integrity of the Nile tilapia larvae.