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81.
Use of poor-quality groundwater has become inevitable for irrigation to compensate rapidly increasing water demands in many arid and semiarid regions. Salinity and sodicity are the principal soil and water quality concerns in such areas. Many saline–sodic and sodic soils have saline or saline–sodic subsurface drainage waters. Amelioration of these soils needs a source of calcium (Ca2+) that can replace the excess exchangeable sodium (Na+). Most of these soils, however, contain calcite (CaCO3) of extremely low solubility. The native calcite does not supply adequate levels of Ca2+ for soil amelioration as do other chemical amendments. Phytoremediation may help ameliorate such soils through cultivation of certain crops tolerant to ambient soil salinity and sodicity. This amelioration strategy works through plant root action to help dissolve CaCO3 to supply adequate Ca2+ without the application of an amendment. During a 3-year field experiment conducted under irrigated conditions, we evaluated phytoremediation against soil application of gypsum and farm manure, and water treatment with sulphuric acid on a calcareous saline–sodic soil (pHs=8.0–8.4, ECe=24–32 dS m−1, SAR=57–78, CaCO3=45–50 g kg−1 for the top 0.15 m depth; Calcic Haplosalids). A saline–sodic water (EC=2.9–3.4 dS m−1, SAR=12.0–19.4, RSC=4.6–10.0 mmolc l−1, SARadj=15.6–18.4) was used to irrigate the rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in rotation. Active desalinisation and desodication processes were observed in all the treatments. After the final wheat crop, the 1.2 m soil profile ECe was 7±0.5 dS m−1 and SAR was 15±2 with non-significant treatment differences, indicating comparable soil amelioration effect of phytoremediation with other treatments. Better crop yields were obtained from the manure-treated plots, owing to its annual addition to the soil that possibly improved soil fertility. Phytoremediation needed minimum capital input because no initial investment was made to purchase the amendments. 相似文献
82.
奶牛养殖场粪污处理沼气工程技术与模式 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
本文综述了国内外奶牛养殖场沼气工程技术应用现状,分析了奶牛粪沼气发酵潜力和三种主要沼气发酵工艺的技术特点. 相似文献
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稻草、玉米芯调理牛粪堆肥成型育苗基质试验 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以稻草和玉米芯为调理料,分别与主体原料牛粪按质量比1∶4混合堆沤腐熟后获得牛粪稻草基质和牛粪玉米芯基质,以这2种基质为原料进行压缩成型试验,探讨了土壤添加量、原料含水率、成型压力以及成型温度等操作因素对基质块成型品质的影响及作用规律。结果表明:牛粪稻草和牛粪玉米芯2种基质块的抗跌碎能力基本持平,其中牛粪稻草基质块的容重较大,吸水性和保水能力更强;添加土壤对2种基质块的抗破碎能力均有一定的提高,但不添加土壤2基质块也具有良好的抗破碎能力,能满足育苗过程对其机械强度的要求;适宜的原料含水率、成型压力和成型温度范围为10%~15%、10~15 k N和80~120℃。 相似文献
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为了探讨鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在樱桃番茄上的田间应用效果,在滴灌施肥的条件下,设置化肥和液体复合微生物有机肥两个处理进行对比应用,结果表明施用液体复合微生物有机肥的处理其单果重可提高39.69%,含糖量可提高11.94%,茎粗可提高8.76%,Vc含量可提高5.72%,产量可提高30.95%,节约成本1.32%,可有效促进作物生长,提高果实着色均匀度,提高作物抗病性。同时,土壤速效氮提高6.87%,土壤速效磷46.23%,土壤速效钾提高16.86%,有机质含量提高12.64%,为作物提供了良好的生长环境。说明液体复合微生物有机肥对作物产量、品质以及土壤改良均有显著的提升作用,具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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89.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17-18):2479-2503
Abstract As a means of economic disposal and to reduce need for chemical fertilizer, waste generated from swine production is often applied to agricultural land. However, there remain many environmental concerns about this practice. Two such concerns, contribution to the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion by gases emitted from waste‐amended soils, have not been thoroughly investigated. An intact core study at Auburn University (32 36′N, 85 36′W) was conducted to determine the source‐sink relationship of three greenhouse gases in three Alabama soils (Black Belt, Coastal Plain, and Appalachian Plateau regions) amended with swine waste effluent. Soil cores were arranged in a completely random design, and treatments used for each soil type consisted of a control, a swine effluent amendment (112 kg N ha?1), and an ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) fertilizer amendment (112 kg N ha?1). During a 2‐year period, a closed‐chamber technique was used to determine rates of emission of nitrous oxide (N2O)–nitrogen (N), carbon dioxide (CO2)–carbon (C), and methane (CH4)–C from the soil surface. Gas probes inserted into the soil cores were used to determine concentrations of N2O‐N and CO2‐C from depths of 5, 15, and 25 cm. Soil water was collected from each depth using microlysimeters at the time of gas collection to determine soil‐solution N status. Application of swine effluent had an immediate effect on emissions of N2O‐N, CO2‐C, and CH4‐C from all soil textures. However, greatest cumulative emissions and highest peak rates of emission of all three trace gases, directly following effluent applications, were most commonly observed from sandier textured Coastal Plain and Appalachian Plateau soils, as compared to heavier textured Black Belt soil. When considering greenhouse gas emission potential, soil type should be a determining factor for selection of swine effluent waste disposal sites in Alabama. 相似文献
90.
提取一株猪源大肠埃希氏菌卡那霉素耐药菌株E.coliBJ96147的质粒DNA进行转化,转化子能稳定表达其全部抗生素抗性,表明E.coliBJ96147对卡那霉素(K)、庆大霉(GM)、链霉素(S)、氯霉素(C)、四环素(Tc)、复方新诺明等六种抗生素的抗性由耐药性R质粒介导;根据已发表的编码卡那霉素抗性的磷酸转移酶[APH(3′)-Ⅱ]钝化酶基因的核苷酸序列,设计合成了一对引物P1和P2,用PVR技术检测其钝化酶基因,结果该引物扩增出了预期的578bp大小的PCR产物,淫限制性内切酶HindⅢ进行酶切分析,发现产物被切成二条带,与预出现的389bp及189bp二条带相符,说明PCR可用于检测猪源大肠埃希氏菌卡霉那素磷酸转移酶[APH(3′)-Ⅱ]钝化酶基因。 相似文献