不同扦插措施对脱毒紫云红芯红薯产量的影响

为确定脱毒紫云红芯薯扦插的最佳节位、节数与扦插密度,为该品种的栽培技术推广应用提供理论依据,采用 L9（34）正交试验设计,研究不同节位、不同节数、不同扦插密度对脱毒紫云红芯薯产量的影响。结果表明：各因素对产量的决定程度为扦插节位（A）＞密度（C）＞扦插节数（B）,最佳组合为扦插节位12、扦插节数3、密度为5417株／667m2,该条件下的红薯产量最高,可达1900．79 kg／667m2;当扦插节位2、扦插节数4、密度为3334株／667m2时,其产量最低,为916．02 kg／667m2。     

甜玉米LCYE等位基因多态性及功能分析

【目的】鉴定甜玉米材料中LCYE基因的多态性和β-胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素含量的变异,为了解甜玉米LCYE基因的等位基因功能及维生素A源强化育种提供参考和依据.【方法】以47份甜玉米自交系为材料,用高效液相色谱法检测β-胡萝卜素和总类胡萝卜素的含量,扩增LCYE基因并测序,结合LCYE基因的测序结果和β-胡萝卜素、总类胡萝卜素含量的表型值作关联分析.【结果和结论】在47份甜玉米自交系的LCYE基因的测序结果中共发现75个多态性位点,其中49个多态性位点分布在非编码区,26个多态性位点分布于LCYE基因的外显子区,且均为SNP,第5外显子区多态性位点最丰富,第4和第9外显子区未检测到多态性位点,其保守程度较高.关联分析检测到与β-胡萝卜素相关联的位点3个,与总类胡萝卜素含量关联的位点6个,位点exon1-2和exon5-6与2种表型极显著相关.本研究证明在甜玉米中LCYE基因与β-胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素的合成显著相关,为甜玉米的维生素A源强化育种提供了理论基础.     

冰糖橙×枸橼杂交后代的胚抢救及杂种鉴定

为获得冰糖橙×枸橼的合子苗,以抗柑橘溃疡病枸橼为父本,以高感病品种冰糖橙为母本进行杂交,利用胚抢救技术获得杂交后代,然后利用筛选出的SSR引物对亲本和子代的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,分析并鉴定杂交后代中的合子苗。结果表明:在最终获得的359株杂交后代中,利用SSR标记能鉴定出合子苗12株。     

红薯叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥料效果研究

红薯叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥料的肥效研究结果表明,喷施氨基酸水溶肥料改善了红薯的生物学性状,增加了红薯的主蔓长度、主蔓茎粗、单株叶片数和单株产量,平均增产3 350 kg/hm2,增产率为5.58%,产量差异达极显著水平。     

外源维生素浸种对甜玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

【目的】明确不同外源维生素对甜玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,探讨提高甜玉米种子萌发率及培育壮苗的方法,为生产中选用维生素浸种提供参考。【方法】以储存1年以上的甜玉米品种"中甜1号"为试验材料,用不同质量浓度(10,50,100,200mg/L)的VB1、VB2、VB6、VB12、VPP、VM和VC在25℃条件下浸种24h后播种,研究甜玉米种子萌发期和幼苗期对VB1、VB2、VB6、VB12、VPP、VM和VC处理的生理响应。【结果】除维生素B6(VB6)外,VB1、VB2、VB12、VPP、VM和VC处理都有一个或者几个质量浓度浸种处理对甜玉米种子的萌发和幼苗生长表现出不同程度的促进作用,其中以50~100mg/L VC、VPP处理效果较好,显著提高了甜玉米种子萌发率和幼苗苗高、根长、根冠比及根系活力,幼苗质量高。VC浸种可以显著提高甜玉米幼苗的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低MDA的含量。【结论】外源VC和VPP可以作为研制甜玉米种子处理剂的材料。     

富含胡萝卜素鲜食型甘薯新品种广薯72的选育

【目的】选育优质抗病鲜食型甘薯新品种。【方法】选用杂交不亲和88-70群、广适、抗病、优质高产品种广薯87作母本,以杂交不亲和D群、食用品质优、高胡萝卜素的品种广薯79作父本,定向组配杂交组合,经过实生苗选种后,开展复选、品比和广东省区域试验,进行适应性及抗病性鉴定评价。【结果】选育出新品种广薯72,在省区试中,平均每667 m~2鲜、干薯产量分别为2 350.0、672.9 kg,比对照种广薯111增产21.6%和24.4%,增产均达极显著水平;薯块干物率为28.7%,淀粉含量为19.7%,鲜薯胡萝卜素含量达81 mg/kg,蒸熟食用粉香甜、薯味浓,口感好,食味80～85分;大田薯瘟抗性鉴定为中抗,室内薯瘟病抗性鉴定为抗病。【结论】广薯72为富含胡萝卜素的鲜食型特色甘薯品种,优质、高产、适应性广,商品价值突出、适口性好,有利于促进甘薯生产,提高甘薯种植的社会经济效益。2016年通过广东省农作物品种审定。     

Improving the Field Emergence Performance of Super Sweet Corn by Sand Priming

Abstract

A priming method called sand priming was developed using sand as a priming solid matrix. The effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of five super sweet corn cultivars was investigated. Sand priming significantly improved field emergence performance of all super sweet corn cultivars, and there was marked improvement by priming at 20ºC for 24 hr. After sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr, field emergence percentage (FEP) of “Green Superman”, “Huatian 1”, “Yangtian 1”, “Mitian 8”, and “Chaotian 43” was increased by 52.1%, 37.5%, 38.0%, 40.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Their field emergence speed (FES) was 2.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times of the control, respectively. To further elucidate the effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of super sweet corn, we analyzed the membrane system integrity, α-amylase activity and protein content. Sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr improved membrane system integrity and α-amylase activity in all super sweet corn cultivars. Furthermore, sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr accelerated the degradation of embryo protein after 1 d germination in “Green Superman”.     

黑龙江省甜高粱产业发展优势与制约因素分析

随着黑龙江省对甜高粱这种新兴能源作物的产业研究日益重视与深入，越来越多的细节问题浮出水面。如何发挥黑龙江省的地域优势，排除制约甜高粱产业发展的不利因素，成为种植和推广甜高粱作物的重要课题。就黑龙江省甜高粱产业发展的优势与制约因素进行了分析，并提出了相应的解决办法，为黑龙江省甜高粱产业快速、良性发展提供了理论依据。     

生物有机液体混合肥对甜高粱根系形态特征的影响

为揭示生物液体有机混合肥对陕北农牧交错区青贮饲草作物根系形态特征的影响,通过盆栽控制试验,以甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)为材料,设置不同浓度的生物活性水(BMW)(B1、B2、B3和B4)和Aidoora溶液(A1、A2和A3)处理,并测定甜高粱幼苗期的根系形态特征。结果表明:在大多数单一液体肥和混合液体肥下,甜高粱的根系生物量(RB)、根冠比(RSR)、根系体积(RV)、总根长(TRL)、根系表面积(RSA)、平均根直径(RAD)、比根长(SRL)和比根面积(SRA)均显著高于CK,表明BMW和Aidoora溶液有利于促进甜高粱苗期根系生物量积累和根系吸收能力;甜高粱的RB、TRL和RSA两两间均呈明显的正相关关系,表明根系表面积和总根长均随着根系生物量的升高而增加。综上分析表明,B3A2和B3A3相对于其他BMW和Aidoora混合液体肥,有利于促进甜高粱幼苗根系生物量积累和根系形态建成。     

An evaluation of Colwell‐P as a measure of plant‐available phosphorus in soils of volcanic and non‐volcanic origins in the highlands of Papua New Guinea

Various soil test methods including Olsen, Colwell, Bray and Truog have been used to assess the levels of plant‐available P (PAP) in soils situated in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Up until now, though, there has been no guarantee that these tests provide valid assessments of PAP in these somewhat atypical organic matter‐rich tropical soils. Furthermore, the critical soil‐P concentrations associated with the tests have been based on studies conducted elsewhere in sub‐tropical and temperate latitudes and as such may or may not be valid for soils or cropping situations in PNG. Soil (Colwell)‐P and leaf‐P data collected during a recent survey of sweet potato gardens in the highlands of PNG were therefore used to determine if useful relationships existed between these variables for different groups of soils, and if they do, to use these relationships to evaluate critical soil Colwell‐P concentrations corresponding to a known critical concentration of P in sweet potato index leaf tissue. Separate, highly significant linear relationships were obtained between leaf‐P and Colwell‐P for soils of volcanic and non‐volcanic origins. Based on these relationships, the critical Colwell‐P concentration for volcanic soils was found to be four times greater than that for non‐volcanic soils, presumably because much of the P extracted from the former soils with alkaline sodium bicarbonate had been chemically ‘fixed’ via sorption and precipitation reactions with sesquioxides and rendered unavailable to plants at ambient soil pH. These critical Colwell‐P concentrations if adopted as benchmark values for the soil groups in question should ensure that the results of future soil fertility surveys involving Colwell‐P assessments are correctly interpreted.