2011年我国主要麦区小麦白粉病菌群体对三唑酮和苯锈啶的敏感性

 小麦白粉病(Wheat Powdery Mildew)是我国小麦生产上常发性病害之一^[1]。小麦白粉病的防治主要采用抗病品种和化学药剂,辅之以栽培措施的综合防治技术。由于目前生产上抗病品种相对缺乏,药剂防治成为我国小麦白粉病防治的主要措施之一^[2]。自20世纪80年代以来三唑类杀菌剂一直是我国防治小麦白粉病的主要药剂,由于长期、大范围、单一的使用导致小麦白粉病菌对三唑类杀菌剂的抗药性大大提高。监测结果表明,2009年我国小麦白粉病菌群体对三唑酮的平均抗性水平已经达到56.58倍,抗性频率达到99.09%,其中高抗菌株占49.09%^[3]。目前小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮的抗性形势十分严峻,寻找三唑类杀菌剂的替代药剂成为控制该病害的迫切需求。     

Genome-wide analysis and identification of TIR-NBS-LRR genes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) reveal expression patterns to TuMV infection

TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) genes greatly affect plant growth and development. Ninety TNL-type genes were identified and characterized in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Tissue-expression profiling revealed different expression levels in different tissues. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the expression patterns of 69 genes challenged by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV): 42 genes were up-regulated, and 11 genes down-regulated; genes were grouped according to their different expression patterns. Sixteen candidate genes were identified as responding to TuMV infection. This study supplies information on resistance genes involved in Chinese cabbage's response against TuMV, and furthers the understanding of resistance mechanisms in B. rapa crops.     

番茄抗病毒基因Tm-2~2及其等位基因tm-2氨基酸差异分析

番茄抗病蛋白Tm-2~2与其等位感病蛋白tm-2在序列上相对保守但也有一定的差异性,研究这些差异对于了解Tm-2~2抗病蛋白的结构和功能起着重要作用。本研究构建了不同的Tm-2~2/tm-2置换突变体,在本生烟草上利用农杆菌注射法共表达突变体及其效应因子MP或TMV-GFP载体。通过对植物坏死表型以及病毒量变化的观察,发现当Tm-2~2ARC结构域中RNBS-D保守基序中的第413位甘氨酸突变成tm-2中的丝氨酸后,Tm-2~2介导的对烟草花叶病毒属病毒的抗性减弱。这说明RNBS-D保守基序对于Tm-2~2行使其抗病功能是至关重要的。     

水稻苯达松敏感致死基因(ben)的电子杂交定位和基因预测

来自水稻突变体的苯达松敏感致死基因（ben）能够作为一种除草剂筛选标志用于杂交水稻种子的安全生产。本研究利用我们已得到的与Ben/ben基因紧密连锁的两个RAPD标记（OPG18/972,OPG18/943）以及与该标记高度同源的跨叠克隆Contig10968（来自中国水稻基因组框架序列,全长8 273 bp）的序列信息,沿标记的两端设计新的PCR引物     

钾对番茄早疫病的防治效果及机理研究

采用盆栽试验了钾对番茄早疫病病情指数和发病率的影响,并从茎结构方面探讨了施钾番茄抗早疫病的原因。结果表明：施钾能提高番茄抗病性,使番茄的病情指数和发病率分别降低１５．３％－３２．０％和１２％－２２％。     

二点叶螨对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗药性

以兰州吐鲁沟公园采集的二点叶螨为敏感种群（S），测定了兰州安宁区（R1）、红固区（R2）、天水（R3）、平凉（R4）、庆阳（R5）等地果园的二点叶螨抗性种群对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗性水平。结果表明，五地果园二点叶螨种群（R）对水胺硫磷、久效磷、克螨特、双甲脒、甲氰菊酯（R2除外）、联苯菊酯（R2除外）均已产生抗药性。其中R3种群对甲氰菊酯、克螨特、三氟氯氰菊酯、双甲脒、三氯杀螨醇的抗性最高，抗性指数（RF）分别为280．51、107．36、107．12、98．17、69．57倍；R4种群对水胺硫磷、克螨特、久效磷的RF值分别为97．15、82．94和65．39倍；其次是R1种群对甲氰菊酯、水胺硫磷、克螨特的RF值分别为75．05、60．97、60．14倍。五地果园二点叶螨抗性种群对氰久合剂、氧乐菊酯、氯马乳油、螨嗪菊酯、齐螨素、螨蚧克和四螨嗪的RF值均在14倍以下，对氧化乐果的RF值在22倍以下。     

棉花结铃动态与红铃虫防治适期研究

1988—1989年在郑州和太康县对红铃虫蛾量消长和棉花结铃动态进行了研究。结果表明,发蛾动态与敏感青铃期并不完全吻合。一代和二代初期(6—7月份)为蕾花期,敏感青铃很少,且棉株对蕾花脱落有较强的超补偿功能,可不进行防治。8月上旬至9月中旬初为二代盛、末和三代初盛期,平均蛾量虽小人,但正是敏感青铃盛期,应为防治的关键时期。9月中下旬,特别是9月15日以后,蛾量虽居高不下,但大部棉田的敏感青铃率均已降到5%。故一般可以不治,如必须防治,也应把阈值放宽。模拟蛾量和敏感青铃动态多用 Logistie 曲线,作者发现此两种动态曲线受气候影响极大,常呈多波动式曲线,作者选用以生理时间(日度)为自变数的4次多项式模拟,精确度提高了近三倍,其模型为:春棉(?)=1.2467-6.2399x+7.3227x~2-0.8381x~3+0.02636x~4夏棉(?)=6.2935-22.4460x+22.3335x~2-4.1307x~3+0.2393x~4麦棉套(?)=2.6936-1.6746x+1.6804x~2+0.4252x~3-0.05153x~4     

SCAR Markers Assisted Selection for a Bentazon Susceptible Lethality Gene （ben） in Rice

In progenies resulting from crosses involving rice cultivar Norin 8m susceptible to bentazon as the donor of ben gene, SCARs tightly linked to ben were utilized for selection of ben. The homozygous and heterozygous genotypes with ben could be identified with the SCARs. The molecular markers offer a powerful tool for indirect selection of ben and can accelerate the introgression of ben into current rice cultivars.     

持续无天牛虫灾防护林的探讨

在三北防护林体系中，存在大约１０％左右，的光肩星天牛和黄斑星天牛可致虫灾的倾性林分。对持续无天牛虫灾防护林的指标体系和综合评价进行了探讨。     

Mechanisms of resistance to simazine in Sonchus oleraceus

Sonchus oleraceus biotypes resistant to simazine were identified by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of intact leaves. The mechanisms of resistance were determined on the basis of cpDNA and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity analyses. The results of the cpDNA analysis showed that most of the resistant biotypes had a Ser 264 Gly mutation in the psbA gene, which is responsible for an amino acid substitution in the D‐1 protein sequence. The cpDNA fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and digested with restriction enzyme MaeI. Two restriction bands of 338 and 75 bp were recorded in biotypes with the target mutation, while three bands (218, 120 and 75 bp) were present in biotypes without this mutation. A second mechanism of resistance in this species was through the detoxification of simazine by conjugation with glutathione. In resistant biotypes without the above‐mentioned mutation, the average level of GST (simazine) activity in leaves was 4.5‐fold greater than in the resistant biotypes with the target mutation and 8.3‐fold greater than in the susceptible biotypes. Resistance as a result of the target mutation was more common than that achieved through detoxification by glutathione conjugation of simazine.