取食转Bt基因棉对斜纹夜蛾幼虫存活的影响

以常规棉泗棉3号为对照,测定了取食转Bt基因棉GKl2的不同部位(花、蕾、铃和不同空间部位叶片)10d对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫存活率的影响。结果表明：棉花品种和植株部位对斜纹夜蛾幼虫存活率均产生显著影响,但两者之间没有交互作用。取食Bt棉顶部新叶(倒1叶)、中上部展开叶片(倒3叶和倒6叶)和蕾10d的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,其存活率与对照没有显著差异。取食Bt棉下部成熟叶片(倒14叶)4d后,幼虫存活率方显著低于对照。取食Bt棉花朵的幼虫初期(≤4d)存活率低于对照,但随着对照死亡率的增加,6～10d内两者差异不再显著。取食Bt棉棉铃的幼虫存活率始终低于对照,但两者差异基本不显著。根据GKl2对棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾杀虫效果的比较,初步探讨了斜纹夜蛾为害趋势加重的原因。     

Cohort-dependent seedling recruitment, survival and reproductive capacity of Tribulus terrestris

Knowledge of the population biology of the summer annual Tribulus terrestris can provide valuable information for managing the risk of its colonising crop fields. Because of spring‐summer crop management practices, fields can exhibit bare ground in late April and early May. In this situation, four cohorts in 2000 and three cohorts in 2001 were censused and monitored throughout the vegetative and reproductive season, in order to evaluate the relationship between time of emergence, survival, vegetative growth and plant reproductive capacities. To a great extent, seedling survivorship depended on emergence timing; the earlier the emergence of the seedlings, the higher was the proportion of survivorship (64% and 4%, for early and late emergences). The time of emergence also influenced plant development; in both years, surviving individuals of the first cohorts presented significantly greater plant biomass and larger numbers of reproductive structures (60.5 fruits per plant) than those of later cohorts (0.8 fruits per plant). Reproductive meristem allocation was also highest in the earliest cohorts. Results showed that T. terrestris can increase its population size in fields if gaps of bare soil surface are available from mid spring to early summer.     

Dam and Sire Effects on Sperm Penetration of the Perivitelline Layer of Eggs Produced by Two Strains of Commercial Turkeys

The reproductive performance of 2 commercial turkey breeder lines was examined using reciprocal crosses between sires and dams of each line. One line had been selected using artificial inseminations performed at biweekly intervals, whereas the second line had been selected using inseminations performed at weekly intervals. The hypothesis was proposed that sires and dams of the 2 lines differ because of different abilities for sperm to penetrate the inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) and fertilize eggs.Fertilized eggs to hatch poults for the experiment were obtained from the primary breeders and were incubated using conditions recommended by the industry. Hens (n = 72) and toms (n = 15) from each strain were identified and reared in preparation for a reproductive cycle using commercially accepted standards. Beginning just prior to the onset of egg production and at weekly intervals thereafter, half of the hens were inseminated with semen from males of the same line, whereas the remaining half received semen from the opposite line. Eggs were collected from the pens daily and set in incubators to determine fertility and embryo survival. At biweekly intervals 3 eggs per pen were used for counting sperm penetration holes in the IPVL. Data were collected for fertility, hatchability, and time that embryos died for each of the pens. Dam and sire affected IPVL penetration independently. A dam by sire interaction influenced fertility, whereas hatchability was affected only by dam. Thus, it is concluded that selection of dam and sires for commercial breeders alters IPVL sperm penetration ability of hens as well as egg-binding ability of sires.     

中华蜜蜂卵的转移效果研究

本试验以中华蜜蜂蜂群里不同时间段的卵为实验材料,研究了不同时间段卵人工转移后的存活率。结果表明:24～36h卵的存活率最高,其次是12～24h的卵;0～12h卵的存活率最低。     

A matched observational study of survival in cats with enucleation due to diffuse iris melanoma

Although a small number of cases of feline diffuse iris melanoma have been documented to metastasize, the prognosis is not known. In this matched observational study, the survival time of 34 cats with enucleation due to histologically confirmed diffuse iris melanoma was recorded. These results are compared to the survival times of 83 age-matched control cats. Affected cats had enucleation between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. One group of control cats with eye disease had enucleation for either lymphoplasmacytic uveitis (27 cases), ocular trauma (seven cases), or endophthalmitis (four cases). In these control cats, enucleations were performed between 2 and 10 years prior to this study. Forty-five additional control cats presented for vaccination between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. The extent of diffuse iris melanoma at the time of enucleation in affected cats was graded according to the extent of involvement of ocular tissues and the invasiveness of the tumor. Affected cats have a significantly decreased survival compared with control cats and cats with extensive tumors at the time of enucleation have the lowest survival rates. Cats with tumors confined to the iris survive at the same rate as controls. These results suggests that early enucleation is important to avoid premature death, presumed to be due to cancer metastasis in cats with diffuse iris melanoma.     

实生板栗高接换冠技术的研究

采用多种嫁接方法在改造大龄实生板栗上进行不同时间和嫁接时对树冠的不同处理的试验，结果表明，应用挖骨皮接、插皮接、切腹接的最佳时期是在树体萌芽前１０ｄ至萌芽期（即３月中旬左右），段木芽接法宜在３月上旬前进行为好；１树１桩嫁接成活率较１树多桩低，当１树少于４桩嫁接时，适当留１～２个辅养枝可提高成活率，且对接芽生长影响不大．     

甘肃引种树苜蓿越冬失败原因及预防对策

树苜蓿Chamaecytisus palmensis是一种具有饲用、观赏和水保等多功能的长绿豆科灌木树种,2002年首次从澳大利亚引进甘肃,且分别在该省的定西、天水和武都进行了各种育苗试验并取得了成功,但一年生苗木在定西和天水越冬出现失败.为此在对树苜蓿引种、育苗和越冬保护进行简述的基础上,对其越冬失败的原因和保护对策进行了详细的阐述,并提出了一些建议.     

Winter Hardiness, Frost Resistance and Vernalization Requirement of European Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) Cultivars within the Last 20 Years

Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed.     

管理信息系统与企业竞争力的关系探讨

介绍MIS产生的时代背景，从企业竞争力来源和价值链的角度说明MIS与企业竞争力的关系，具体介绍MIS对企业效益和对企业竞争力的影响，最后进一步分析企业应该从现有状况出发正确使用MIS，采取切实可行的措施保证通过MIS的运用来提高企业的竞争力。     

问卷调查折射出的辽宁渔业竞争力问题研究

针对目前辽宁渔业所面临的竞争环境，借助国际竞争理论设计出含有宏观因素、水产部门产业环境及基础设施、渔业生产管理体制和渔业有关人员力量四大系统的竞争力评价模型并进行了广域问卷调查。结果表明，近年来，辽宁渔业竞争力在很多领域有了一定的提高和增强。但是，在政策制度、管理体制和支撑体系等方面还折射出不少问题，制约着整个渔业竞争力的提升。基于此，提出了建立健全渔业保险制度和渔业贷款制度、提升渔业劳动者技术水平、加强养殖业者自律性、进一步制定渔用柴油油价上涨对策等一系列政策建议。