Study on Mechanism of the Reinforcing Effect of Geogrid in Soil Dam

An experimental study on consolidation and drainage of two gravels with different grading was carried out using high - pressure large - scale tri - axial testing facility. A concept of equivalent surrounding pressure is introduced. An analysis was carried out on the effect and mechanism of reinforcement, experimental surrounding pressure and soil properties. Results show that the reinforcement can improve the strength and failure strain of the material and delay the failure of the soil. The effect of reinforcement of soil - gravel depends on the surrounding pressure and weathering of the gravel.     

Experimental Study of Compound Rock''s Behavior at Rock Salt''s Over-layer

Based on the experimental study of the compound rock's behavior at rock salt's over-layer under single compression and tri-axial compression condition, the basic mechanical properties of the rock have been obtained. It could serve as reference to research work and production.     

Simulation of the penetration rate (ROP) of the air percussion drilling

It is difficult to calculate the penetration rate (ROP) of percussion drilling. In the early research, the empirical or semiempirical formulae of the ROP are derived from the laboratory or field data collected by the researchers. However, the ROP value of the formulae is not as accurate as that in the field. Benefiting from the dynamic model, the geometric structure model and the theory of the roller cone bit, the mathematical model of the hammer bit, the mathematical model of the true bottom hole and the mathematical model between the tooth and the rock of the hammer bit are established. Hence the ROP of the air percussion drilling can be predicted by simulation. Field tests show the models are reliable and the results are coincident with that in the field. The research can help to redesign the hammer bit and optimize the drilling parameters.     

高压水射流破碎岩石数值模拟

针对高压水射流破碎岩石的特性，结合多物质流固耦合算法与ALE(任意拉格朗日欧拉)算法，利用显示动力学有限元程序对该复杂过程进行数值模拟，得出岩石破碎过程中的流体与固体的相互作用及岩石的破碎动态扩展过程并对连续射流冲击与脉冲射流冲击对岩石的切割效果进行对比。     

贴边钢岔管与围岩联合承载有限元分析

以某水利水电枢纽工程为例，分别对明岔管和有初始缝隙的埋藏式钢岔管两种结构方案，进行了三维有限元计算分析，讨论了围岩性能及初始缝隙值对钢岔管应力和围岩承载比的影响，并与明岔管计算结果相比较，得出了一些有意义的结论。     

地下凿岩设备的发展历程和趋势

论述了地下凿岩设备的发展历史、应用效果和发展趋势。     

Response of Maize and Cowpea Grown Sequentially to Application of Phosphate Rock in the Humid Tropics

Field trials were conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ibadan in 2000 and 2001 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficiency of some phosphorus (P) sources, rates, and frequency of application on grain yields of maize and cowpea grown sequentially. The experiment was laid out in a split–split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design, with three replications. The main plot was frequency of fertilizer application (seasonal and annual). Source of P [single superphosphate (SSP: 18% P₂O₅)]; Ogun rock phosphate (OPR: 20.21% P₂O₅), and crystallizer super (CS: 31.4% P₂O₅) constituted the subplots. The P rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg P ha^?1) were the sub-subplots. An early maize cropping followed by a late-season cowpea was the sequential cropping, while an early maize followed by a late-season maize was the continuous cropping. The croppings were repeated the second year. Frequency of P application and source of P were significantly different while rates of application were not. Maize and cowpea grain yields from the control treatment were significantly less than yields from P-treated plots. Maize grain yields were slightly greater in plots alternated with cowpea, compared to continuous maize. Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) values of OPR and CS were 67% and 75%, respectively, in annual application and 140% and 134% in seasonal applications, respectively, in 2000. In 2001, the trend was almost similar to 2000 except that there was a decline in RAE values of cowpea. Each Naira invested in the annual application returned about ?3.12 while about ?2.13 was returned with the seasonal application (?125.00 is the equivalent of USD$1.00). The OPR and CS can serve as alternatives to water-soluble sources such as SSP.     

The Effects of Replacing Dicalcium Phosphate with Busumbu Rock Phosphate on Performance and the Mechanical Properties of Bone in Growing Chicks

Three hundred, day-old broiler chicks, with an average initial weight of 41.8±1.79 g, were used in a 15-day study (10 birds per battery cage) to characterize their performance and fluorine status when dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was replaced by Busumbu rock phosphate (BRP) as the source of phosphorus in the chicks' ration. The treatments comprised a standard ration with BRP replacing 0, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of DCP. Replacing DCP with BRP significantly reduced the final weight of the chicks (p<0.01), feed intake (p<0.01), weight gains (p<0.01) and dry matter digestibility (p<0.05) but increased (p<0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio. True phosphorus absorption and the percentage of phosphorus in the tibia were not affected by increasing amounts of BRP in the diet. Increasing levels of BRP in the diet linearly reduced (p<0.01) the percentage bone ash, calcium, Ca:P ratio, ultimate breaking force, bending moment, stress, and modulus of elasticity. Leg stiffness, lameness, reduced feed intake, and a decline in general health were recorded in 10–40% of the chicks on 75% and 100% BRP, respectively. These results suggest that excessive ingestion of fluorine from the BRP caused the reduction in the chicks' performance.     

沙棘植物柔性坝坝体变形初步分析

本文基于2005年在内蒙古准格尔旗西召沟小流域对已植的沙棘柔性坝进行野外调查,从植物生长角度对沙棘柔性坝坝体进行了纵向、横向、垂向(即沙棘柔性坝坝长、坝宽、坝高)的变形分析。对于沙棘柔性坝的坝长变化,主要从沙棘根系蘖苗萌生出发,分析得出其每年扩展约1m;柔性坝坝宽受沟宽限制,其发展趋势为扩展至满沟;柔性坝坝高变化采用三次函数和Logistic型函数两种具有“S”形特征的曲线进行拟合分析,经对比其变化过程服从Logistic型生长函数,并结合Logistic函数对沙棘植物柔性坝坝高的变化进行了具体意义的探讨。