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111.
通过体外试验和经口添食试验表明,家蚕消化液对纤维素酶和果胶酶具有明显的
抑制作用.分析认为,这是由于消化液的强碱性或消化液中存在的蛋白酶的分解作用
所致.因此,利用外源性消化酶的可能途径是先经酶促反应,将大量纤维素或果胶等
转变成可吸收利用的还原糖形态,然后进行给饵. 相似文献
112.
J. C. Skinner 《Euphytica》1982,31(2):523-537
Summary The efficiency of family selection in bunch-planted sugareane seedlings was investigated by planting 40 families (20 proven and 20 experimental) as bunches and as single seedlings in adjoining replicated trials. A replicated trial planted the following year. using stem cuttings from random seedlings of each family. provided an independant estimate of the value of each family.Five methods were used to compare bunch and single planting, namely theoretical and realized gains from selection, correlations between the seedling and evaluation trials, discrimination based on proven cross classes, and discrimination based on production of advanced selections. Overall, bunch planting was inferior to single planting for family selection. It was promising for only one method of evaluation (proven cross classes) but this, combined with the relatively small area required for bunch-planted seedlings, indicates that family selection may be possible in such plantings. The use of a number of methods of evaluation showed that incorrect conclusions were likely if only one method were used, and revealed deficiencies in methods which would otherwise be considered satisfactory. The project provided a basis for the design of more critical experiments.The components of weight of cane, namely number of stalks and weight per stalk, are negatively correlated, and showed different relationships with yield in the seedling and evaluation trials. Weight per stalk was an important component in seedling trials, with number of stalks by far the main component in the evaluation trial which was planted by the commerical method using stem cuttings.Family selection based on number of stalks and sugar content, preceding mass selection, is likely to provide a better selection system than the usual mass selection in bunch-planted seedlings.Families do not express their full genetic potential in original seedlings. whether bunch or single planted: trials planted from stem cuttings give more effective family selection. Furthermore, family selection for the most important characters (net merit grade and weight of sugar) was much more effective in ratoon than in plant crops. These results have important implications for the practical selection program, further experimental work being necessary to specify the most efficient system. 相似文献
113.
Summary Leaf cuttings without axillary buds were made from young vegetative beet plants. Roots were formed at the petiole end. Adventitious bud formation occurred at a very low frequency and could not be stimulated by application of growth regulators. Leaf cuttings with axillary buds formed plants at a higher frequency but development of buds into shoots was slow and irregular. As no vascular connections were found between petiole and axillary bud, the slow growth of the buds was attributed to insufficient supply of assimilates from the leaves. Axillary buds rapidly developed into shoots when petiole explants with buds were placed on culture media. Nearly all cultures, however, were contaminated with bacteria that originated from the inner tissue of the explants. 相似文献
114.
Solute Accumulation as a Cause for Quality Losses in Sugar Beet Submitted to Continuous and Temporary Drought Stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adaptation to low water availability in sugar beet includes the accumulation of solutes relevant for the technical quality of the beet. Two sugar beet genotypes were grown in pot experiments under drought stress of different severity to study effects on taproot composition and concentration of solutes relevant for technical quality, reversibility of drought effects after re‐watering and genotypic differences in drought response. Differences in stress sensitivity between the genotypes were not observed as reductions in taproot and leaf dry weight and white sugar yield were the same. Increasing dry matter concentration with decreasing water supply could, in part, be attributed to an increase in the concentration of cell wall components. The major solutes in the taproot were sucrose, potassium, amino N (the sum of amino acids) and betaine. Sucrose concentration decreased considerably under drought, indicating limited availability of assimilates. In contrast, all further solutes increased in concentration with increasing severity of stress. However, the response of individual solutes varied largely. Changes in amino N and nitrate were most pronounced and probably reflect accumulation of non‐utilized metabolites under limited growth. The drought‐induced accumulation of taproot solutes implicates a considerable decrease in the technical quality of the beet. It was only in part reversible by re‐watering. Genotypic variability for solute accumulation under water deficiency was observed but was not linked to drought tolerance. 相似文献
115.
Olga E. Scholten Ritsert C. Jansen L. C. Paul Keizer Theo S. M. De Bock Wouter Lange 《Euphytica》1996,91(3):331-339
Summary Inheritance of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was studied in segregating F2 and backcross families obtained from crosses between resistant plants of the sugar beet selection Holly-1-4 or the wild beet accession Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima WB42 and susceptible parents. Greenhouse tests were carried out, in which seedlings were grown in a mixture of sand and infested soil. Virus concentrations of BNYVV in the rootlets were estimated by ELISA. To discriminate resistant and susceptible plants, mixtures of normal distributions were fitted to log10 virus concentrations, estimated for segregating F1, F2 and BC populations of both accessions. The hypothesis that Holly-1-4 contained one single dominant major gene was accepted. For WB42, results fitted with the hypotheses that resistance was based on either one (or more) dominant major gene(s) showing distorted segregation, or two complementary dominant genes, which are both required for resistance. Resistance from WB42 appeared to be more effective against BNYVV than resistance from Holly-1-4.This research was carried out as part of a PhD study at the Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences (EPS), Department of Virology, Wageningen, The Netherlands 相似文献
116.
Inter-relationships among cane yield and commercial cane sugar and their component traits in autumn plant crop of sugarcane 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seventeen diverse clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) (7 early, 6 mid season and 4 late) were planted in October 1991 and
1992 in flooded (FE) and non flooded (NFE) environments for evaluation of cane yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS), internode
length, internode number, stalk length, stalk thickness (circumference), stalk number, sugar recovery, and stalk weight. Cane
yield showed significant positive phenotypic correlation coefficient (PCC) with stalk number in FE (P ≤ 0.05) and NFE (P ≤
0.01). Stalk length had a significant positive PCC with stalk weight in both environments, and with internode length in FE
(P ≤ 0.05). Commercial cane sugar also expressed significant positive PCC with cane yield in both environments (P ≤ 0.01),
but with stalk number only in NFE (P ≤ 0.05). Genotypic correlation coefficients were generally in the same direction as PCC
but higher in magnitude. In both environments, stalk number and stalk weight had relatively high positive direct effects on
cane yield. However, flooding tended to enhance the direct effect of stalk weight and diminish the direct effect of stalk
number on cane yield. Only cane yield and sugar recovery had high direct effects on CCS. Selection for improvement of cane
yield can be based on stalk number and stalk weight in both environments. High yielding clones can be further screened for
more sugar recovery to improve CCS.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
117.
In a study of variation in 13 enzymes occurring in B. nana, unique and invariant phenotypes were found for five of these enzymes, when compared with a range of other wild and cultivated beets. In similar comparisons unique alleles were found in B. nana for two other enzyme loci. For the remaining six enzymes B. nana was found to have variation and alleles which were common to other forms of beet. It is concluded that reliable markers for B. nana exist, and that this species represents a source of novel genes for sugar beet breeding. 相似文献
118.
Summary The objective was to study the genetic basis of bolting and stem length in sugar beet full-sibs, developed by a factorial mating design (N.C. design II). The extent to which the inheritance of these characters can be attributed to the additive and non-dominance variation was investigated. The genetic analysis consisted of three sets (4×10, 4×8, and 3×8) of progenies. Estimates of additive genetic variance (2
A) and variance due to dominance deviations with some fractions of epistatic variance (2
D) were obtained for both characters. Bolting had a relatively large proportion of total genetic variance accounted for by 2
A. In most cases, non-additive effects were also important in determining the type of gene action in bolting. Stem length showed similar genetic variation to bolting susceptibility. Bolting resistance seemed to be dominant to the bolting susceptibility in most cases. Narrow sense heritability estimated for bolting was generally very large (0.93 to 0.96), which suggests that early generation selection for bolting resistance in a sugar beet population would be successful. 相似文献
119.
120.