厚皮甜瓜新品种红宝玉的选育

红宝玉是以10R15 为母本、10R8 为父本选育而成的中熟厚皮甜瓜一代杂种。植株长势稳健,抗病抗逆性强。全生育期95～110 d（天）,果实发育期30～35 d（天）。果实短椭圆形,成熟后果面乳白色,单果质量约1.5 kg,果肉橘红色,肉厚3.5～4.0 cm,腔小不发酵,中心可溶性固形物含量17.5%,肉质紧脆,不脱蒂,耐贮耐运。平均每667 m²产量3 600 kg 左右。适宜在山东、河北、陕西、安徽等地春季保护地设施栽培。     

黄瓜新品种京研春秋绿2 号的选育

京研春秋绿2 号是以10-c66 为母本、10-c11-29 为父本配制而成的春、秋保护地和露地兼用的黄瓜一代杂种。瓜条棒状,长35～36 cm,瓜色亮绿,有光泽,白刺,刺瘤中等大小,棱浅,果肉绿色,风味佳、品质优。抗枯萎病,中抗霜霉病,耐白粉病。北方地区春保护地栽培产量为5 000～6 500 kg·（667 m²）^-1,秋保护地栽培产量4 000～5 000 kg·（667 m²）^-1,适宜华北、东北、西北春、秋保护地和露地栽培。     

循环经济视角下乡村旅游资源低碳化开发研究

旅游循环经济与低碳经济之间存在耦合机制,为减少碳源和增加碳汇,循环经济下的乡村旅游资源低碳化开发方法主要有梯次开发、变废为宝、资源共享、循环经济技术、生态补偿、地方性利用六种。自然环境美化、示范效应和融合发展是具体开发模式,其中,低碳型的融合模式以产业外部循环和要素内部循环为主要表现。     

油页岩有机碳矿化特征及在栽培基质中应用可行性分析

探讨油页岩有机碳矿化分解过程、有机碳组分变化特征以及环境因素作用规律可为评价油页岩在栽培基质中应用的可行性提供科学依据.试验在室内控制温度和水分条件下,分析了洗盐和未洗盐油页岩有机碳矿化动态变化特征.结果表明:油页岩基质在60 d培养期间,温度升高10℃使未洗盐基质总矿化量分别增加2%～28%(100%田间持水量)、2%～22%(80%田间持水量)和1%～15%(60%田间持水量);洗盐基质则分别增加2%～17%(100%田间持水量)、1%～5%(80%田间持水量)和7%～14%(60%田间持水量).将第60 d基质中活性有机碳含量进行回归分析,发现两种不同供试油页岩活性有机碳含量与温度和水分之间均呈正相关关系;未洗盐油页岩活性有机碳含量与温度和水分间相关性不显著,而洗盐后油页岩活性有机碳含量与温度和水分之间相关性显著(P=0.0214).用一级动力学方程拟合油页岩基质有机碳矿化动态得到未洗盐基质分解速率常数最大达1.2×10-3/d,洗盐基质其分解速率常数介于0.5×10-3～0.7×10-3/d.油页岩在长达60 d的培养过程中表现为有机碳持续分解、活性有机碳递增,证实其在基质栽培中的应用将对养分持续供给和维护作物根系生理活性发挥重要作用.     

玉米旱作栽培条件下不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤酶活性的影响

通过玉米旱作栽培条件下秸秆覆盖栽培定位试验,研究了不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:秸秆覆盖可使土壤酶活性增加,蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在9 000 kg/hm2 覆盖量下达到最高,在0～20 cm层蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别比对照(覆盖量0 kg /hm2)增加46.9%和9.0%,脲酶活性在13 500 kg/hm2覆盖量下最高,且在0～20 cm层脲酶活性较对照增加了3.9倍;脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均随土层的加深而降低,而碱性磷酸酶活性各层间差异不显著.     

干巴菌菌丝营养生理特性的初步研究

本文报道了不同碳源、氮源、微量元素及维生素培养基对干巴菌菌丝生长的影响。试验表明,干巴菌菌丝利用最好的的碳源是葡萄糖,其次是蔗糖。利用最好的氮源是硝酸钙,其次是硝酸铵和硫酸铵,对蛋白胨和尿素的利用效果差。缺少碳源或氮源时,菌丝生长细弱、稀少,不形成原基。微量元素和维生素均对干巴菌菌丝生长有促进作用,其中以锰、铜和维生素Ｂ２的作用尤为突出。     

两种有机硫熏蒸剂处理连作土壤对三七根腐病复合症的防治效果

测试了有机硫熏蒸剂大扫灭(Dazomet)对三七(Panax notoginsengWall.)根围几种主要病原生物:线虫、细菌和真菌的最低灭生浓度(MBC值)分别为≥7.8、≥31.2和≥125μg/mL。4种主要病原真菌:立枯病丝核菌(Rhizoctoni solani)、根腐病菌毁坏柱孢霉(Cylindrocarpon destructant)、镰孢霉(Fusariumspp.)和黑斑病交链孢(Alternaria tenus)的MBC值分别为≥31.2、≥62.5、≥125和≥125μg/mL。钾-威百(K-Vapam)对线虫、细菌和病原真菌的灭生活性与Dazomet相当。连作三七田播种前和移苗前用98%大扫灭粉粒剂20~40 g/m2和35%钾-威百液剂30~50 mL/m2进行耕作层土壤熏蒸处理,对三七出苗和成苗率无显著影响;杂草和线虫发生量比对照分别减少90%~95%。播前处理比对照苗病发生率降低45.0%~82.5%,移苗前处理苗病发生率降低35.0%~50.0%。适当充足的土壤含水量、适时彻底的土壤毒气排除对提高药效和避免残毒对后茬药害至关重要。     

不同猕猴桃的花粉形态观察与分析

为了解猕猴桃属植物间的亲缘关系,以41份不同猕猴桃花粉为供试材料,采用扫描电镜对猕猴桃花粉进行形态学观察和分析,选取6个性状指标进行测量,根据观测结果对供试材料进行聚类分析。结果表明：供试花粉均为单粒花粉,均以单粒、等极和辐射对称形式存在。极轴长度范围在21.50～33.40μm之间,赤道轴长度范围在9.87～16.24μm之间,萌发沟长度范围在17.53～29.08μm之间,萌发沟脊宽度范围在0.47～2.03μm之间,花粉粒大小(极轴×赤道轴))范围在218.68～543.18μm₂^之间,极轴长度与赤道轴长度比值范围为1.36～2.26,花粉形状为超长球形或长球形,萌发孔类型均为三孔沟,极面观为三裂圆形,均为N3P4C5型。外壁纹饰为波纹状、颗粒状、疣状三种类型,占样品总数的比例分别为63.41%、19.51%、17.08%。在遗传距离为7.5时,供试材料可以分为3个类群,在遗传距离为1.5时,供试材料可以分为6个类群。     

中国森林生态系统碳平衡研究

森林生态系统是陆地生态系统的主体, 它不仅具有改善和维护区域生态环境的功能, 而且在全球碳平衡中起着巨大的作用, 充分发挥森林的固碳能力关系到能否降低大气CO₂浓度和抑制全球变暖趋势。文中就我国森林生态系统固碳功能和碳储量的研究进行了概括, 并对未来森林生态系统碳循环研究提出一些看法。     

More evidence that anaerobic oxidation of methane is prevalent in soils: Is it time to upgrade our biogeochemical models?

Estimating future fluxes of CH₄ between land and atmosphere requires well-conceived process-based biogeochemical models. Current models do not represent the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in land surface soils, in spite of increasing evidence that this process is widespread. Our objective was to determine whether AOM, or potential AOM, commonly occurs in 20 hydromorphic soils spanning a wide range of chemical properties. Bulk soil samples were collected under shallow water near the shoreline of 15 recently drained fish ponds in southern Bohemia (Czech Republic), as well as from below the water table at 3 peatland locations in northeast Scotland and 2 acid sulfate soils on the southern coast of Finland. Each soil slurry was incubated under both oxic and anoxic conditions, with or without the addition of alternative electron acceptors (SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻) or H₂PO₄⁻. Here, “oxic” and “anoxic” conditions refer to anoxic soil respectively incubated in a headspace containing air or argon. Using the isotope dilution method, we determined the gross production and oxidation rates of CH₄ after 2 days incubation under oxic headspace conditions, and after 2, 21 and 60 days incubation under anoxic conditions. Large differences in net CH₄ fluxes were observed between soil types and between incubation conditions. AOM was detected in each of the 20 bulk soil samples, which spanned >6 pH units and 2 orders of magnitude in organic C content. Significant positive relationships were found between AOM and gross CH₄ production rates under anoxic conditions, resulting in AOM rates that were sometimes higher than CH₄ oxidation rates under oxic headspace conditions. There was no relationship between net and gross CH₄ production rates, such that 2 soil types could display similar low net rates, yet conceal very large differences in gross rates. The effects of alternative electron acceptors on AOM were idiosyncratic and resulted in no net trend. We did find, however, a negative effect of SO₄²⁻ and H₂PO₄⁻ on gross CH₄ production rates under anoxic and oxic conditions respectively. Under oxic headspace conditions, CH₄ oxidation was related to soil organic C content. Taken collectively, our results suggest that AOM, or potential AOM, is prevalent over a wide range of soil types, that AOM may contribute substantially to CH₄ oxidation in soils, and that AOM in soils should be integrated to current process-based CH₄ cycling models.