Mature plant and tissue resistance in the groundnut-peanut bud necrosis virus system

Summary Leaves and plants of different ages of a susceptible and two resistant groundnut genotypes were mechanically inoculated with peanut bud necrosis virus, and the percentage of plants with systemic symptoms (incidence) and the incubation period were determined. The incidence decreased sharply in all three genotypes with the age of the inoculated leaves and plants. The incubation period increased with the age of leaves and plants. Apparently, only young tissue of young plants is susceptible, while mature tissue and plants are highly resistant. This mature tissue and plant resistance occurs irrespective of the susceptibility level of the genotype to peanut bud necrosis virus, however, it develops earlier in the resistant than in the susceptible genotypes.Abbreviations IP₅₀ incubation period - PBNV peanut bud necrosis virus - TSWV tomato spotted wilt virus     

Low light intensity and flower bud abortion in Asiatic hybrid lilies. I. Genetic variation among cultivars and progenies of a diallel cross

Summary When Asiatic lilies are forced during the winter period, additional light is needed to prevent flower bud abscission and flower bud blasting. Growth room experiments showed considerable differences among eight lily cultivars in their response to low light. Among these cultivars, Connecticut King and Enchantment appeared to be the most sensitive to low light conditions while Uncle Sam and Scout were the least sensitive.Analysis of an incomplete diallel cross between nine cultivars showed significant differences in general combining ability (GCA) for flower bud abortion, number of buds, forcing time, plant height and leaf scorch under winter greenhouse conditions. Enchantment had the highest positive GCA for bud abortion, indicating a high sensitivity to low light conditions. Uncle Sam had the lowest GCA. Pirate and Scout appeared to have a high GCA for sensitivity to leaf scorch. Connecticut King was found to be a probable source of cytoplasmic male sterility. The data suggest that male sterility is associated with better response to low light conditions.     

Mutation breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. using in vivo and in vitro adventitious bud techniques

Summary During experiments, which are being carried out to study the factors which control the process of adventitious bud formation in vivo on detached leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram, adventitious shoots were produced from leaves, irradiated with 500 rad of X-rays. The most important but disadvantageous result was that the majority of the adventitious shoots proved to be of a chimeral nature and obviously developed from more than one cell.An in vitro adventitious bud technique was developed using different types of explants. Pedicel segments regenerated the highest number of adventitious shoots and, moreover, they developed faster as compared to explants of young flower heads or leaves. The mutants produced by irradiating the various explants were almost exclusively of a solid (non-chimeral) nature. In addition, histological observations suggest that single epidermal cells are involved in the initiation of the adventitious shoot apices.The optimum dose for mutant production is approximately 800 rad X-rays. Rather often, more than one phenotypically identical mutant was found, which was always derived from the same explant. They could for instance originate from a multi-apical meristem formed by a single mutated cell.     

5-azaC对萝卜茎尖DNA甲基化和开花的影响

本文研究了去甲基化因子5氮杂胞苷(5azaC)对萝卜开花及幼苗茎尖DNA甲基化水平的影响。用0(对照)、0.10、0.25、0.50和1.00mmolL5azaC处理‘短叶13’萝卜种子6d,除对照外,茎尖组织DNA甲基化水平均有所降低,并与春化后茎尖组织DNA甲基化水平相当;茎尖组织DNA甲基化水平随着处理浓度的提高而下降。同时,5azaC处理明显促进春性品种萝卜‘短叶13’的开花。结果表明5azaC可以部分代替低温诱导萝卜开花。     

马铃薯不同品种及高经济高营养“黑美人”脱毒培养技术的研究

解决马铃薯种薯退化问题一般采用茎尖组织脱毒培养(又叫分生组织脱毒培养).本实验又通过对马铃薯不同品种块茎具芽眼部分进行脱毒培养,培育出无病毒种苗,通过测其株高、茎粗、统计子叶数目、观察子叶颜色对比“黑美人”、新大品、土豆-10、陇薯3号生长势强弱.对以上两种脱毒培养制定消毒时间梯度,总结最佳消毒时间,分析污染原因并提出...     

促花生长调节剂(Ethrel、PP333)和夏剪成花机理的初步研究

应用放射免疫法测定了IAA、ABA、CTK和C_2H_4等4种内激素的含量。结果表明,促花生长调节剂和夏剪处理的成花机理之一是造成枚条茎尖有利于花芽分化的激素环境,即CTK类物质和内源乙烯含量较高,ABA适中,生长物质(IAA—GA_3)含量下降,建立了一种以促花激素占优势的激素平衡系统。此结果为进一步揭示果树花芽分化机理和制定控制花芽分化的技术措施提供了重要的科学依据。     

84K杨基因转化受体系统的建立

以84K杨为研究对象,通过建立叶片再生系统及卡那霉素敏感性试验,确立了稳定高效的基因转化受体系统。结果表明,以MS培养基为基本培养基,0.5～1.0mg/L6-BA+0.01～0.1mg/LNAA组合时,叶片出芽率不到50%,每叶平均生芽数5～6个;1.0～1.5mg/L6-BA+0.02mg/L2,4-D组合时,叶片出芽率达90%～100%,每叶平均生芽数约20个。用后者附加不同质量浓度梯度卡那霉素,确定叶片外植体芽诱导卡那霉素临界筛选质量浓度为20mg/L。利用对84K杨芽生根效果较好的培养基GMS+0.01mg/LNAA+0.25mg/LIBA,附加不同质量浓度梯度卡那霉素,筛选出芽生根卡那霉素临界质量浓度亦为20mg/L。     

原条造材优化设计的研究

本文提出应用０—１规划法对原条造材进行优化设计．每一个可能造出原木段为变量ｘｉ，根据造出各种规格材累计价值为目标函数值，当满足各种约束条件时目标函数值最大的造材方案为优化方案．研究结果表明，该法在原条造材优化设计应用效果理想，具有显著的经济效益，方法简便，便予在便携式微型计算机上应用，只要输入原木价格，原条外形尺寸，等级区域，即可得到造材优化方案．     

樟树苗期萌芽特性遗传变异初步研究

通过对樟树苗期种源／家系二水平试验研究，目的是为樟树遗传改良提供一些参考依据，研究表明，樟树的苗期萌芽率遗传变异存在于种源和家系二个层次；樟树早期芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率种源层次的变异远大于家系层次的变异。方差分析表明，樟树苗期种源间在早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率上有极显差异，晚期萌芽百分率性状有显差异，家系之间在早期萌芽百分率性状上有极显差异。种源内大多数家系间在苗期萌芽率上达不到显水平，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率各性状，高于遂川种源的家系分别有84，83，104个，低于遂川种源的分别有107，108，87个，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率与地理纬度均呈负相关，其中早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率与地理纬度呈负极显相关，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率与年均温，1月均温和绝对低温极显相关，早期萌芽百分率与干季数显相关，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率之间呈极显相关。     

草莓花芽分化时期及条件的研究

本试验是作者在以前研究的基础上,进一步研究了在长春气候条件下,11个草毒品种的芽分化与气温、日照、植株生长情况的关系,结果表明:草莓花芽分化所需的条件为平均日照时数在11h以下,旬平均气温在19～5℃这个范围内,在这个条件下,壮苗形成的花朵数多于弱苗。