伊克昭盟牧草和饲料作物应用增产菌技术的试验

199年伊克昭盟引入了牧草和饲料作物增产菌这一技术,经过7年的试验,示范及推广,至今全盟该增产菌应用面积已达4．04万hm^2,本文通过7年来在两种不同生境下,对12种牧草及作物的不同物修期采用不同方法施用增产菌,以鲜草产量和种子产量为衡量标准来探讨增产菌对不同牧草及作物的增产效果,实验结果表明：增产菌技术的应用,促进了植物的生长,使植株长高,叶面积增大,加强了光合作用,在提高鲜草产量的同时也增加了籽实的产量,具有较强的推广价值,是一项在农牧区适用的增产技术。     

民国时期方志中的苜蓿考

方志是记载一个地区自然和社会各个方面历史和现状的综合性著作,苜蓿作为民国时期的重要物产资源被许多方志记录在册。本研究试图以植物考据学原理与方法,对华东、华北和西北等地诸省的56个方志中的苜蓿进行考查。结果表明,民国时期我国华东、华北和西北都有苜蓿种植,主要分布在安徽、江苏、山东、察哈尔、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海和新疆;许多方志还对苜蓿植物生态学特征进行了描述,对苜蓿种分的较为清晰,在民国时期河北种有紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和黄花苜蓿(M. falcata),而山东既种有紫花苜蓿与黄花苜蓿,还种有南苜蓿(M.hispida);苜蓿常常被种于碱地进行肥田;苜蓿不仅是饲喂牛马的重要牧草资源,而且也是重要的蔬菜资源,还是很好的蜜源植物。     

草原生态保护红线划定的基本思路与政策建议

草原保护事关我国生态及经济协调、可持续发展大局。划定草原生态保护红线是构筑我国生态安全屏障的基础,是加强我国民族团结和边疆稳定的前提,是确保我国畜牧业产业安全的保证,是实现牧区可持续发展的重要保障。草原生态保护红线与耕地保护红线一样,具有不可撼动的国家战略意义和重大历史意义。本文在分析我国草原保护现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了草原生态保护红线的内涵和意义,阐述了划定生态红线的基本思路,给出了实现草原可持续发展、划定草原生态保护红线的具体政策建议。     

Factors associated with morbidity,mortality, and growth of dairy heifer calves up to 3 months of age

Calfhood disease is an important problem on many dairy operations that can have substantial effects on heifer survival and productivity, and has economic and welfare impacts. Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young dairy cattle. The objective of this observational study was to investigate factors associated with the risks of morbidity and mortality, and with growth, in commercial dairy heifers calves. A total of 2874 heifer calves from 19 commercial dairy farms in Minnesota and Ontario were enrolled at 1–7 days of age and followed for approximately 3 months. Using cut-points of serum total protein of 5.2 and 5.7 g/dl, the incidences of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) were 11 and 32%, respectively. A cut-point of 5.7 g/dl was the most predictive of BRD before 5 weeks of age (sensitivity = 40%, specificity = 69%). The positive predictive value was poor (PPV = 18%), but the negative predictive value was good (NPV = 87%). A cut-point of 5.2 g/dl was most predictive of death before 5 weeks of age (sensitivity = 27%, specificity = 89%, PPV = 5%, NPV = 98%). Serum total protein during the first week of life was a poor predictor of NCD. Over 23% of calves were treated for diarrhea. Risk factors were weight at enrollment, other diseases before 2 weeks of age, and an interaction between season of birth and herd-level incidence of NCD. Almost 22% of calves were treated at least once for BRD. Factors associated with an increased risk of BRD included herd-level incidence of BRD, season of birth, navel dipping, other diseases before 2 weeks of age, failure of transfer of passive immunity, and manual control of temperature in pre-weaning housing. Administration of supplemental antibody products at birth was associated with a reduced incidence of BRD. Overall mortality was 3.5%. Risk of mortality was increased by treatment for BRD and other diseases. The mean average weight gain was 0.95 kg/day (range: 0.11–1.62 kg/day; SD = 0.2). Twinning status, FTP, treatment for NCD or other diseases, and month of birth influenced body weight. This study illustrated relationships among various diseases, mortality, and growth. Furthermore, it demonstrated the importance of colostrum for protection against BRD and improved growth performance, while bringing into question the optimal method of determining failure of transfer of passive immunity.     

基于GIS的澳洲坚果在云南适宜种植区划分研究

为促进云南省澳洲坚果产业持续发展,利用GIS技术将7个气候要素和DEM网格图叠加分析,划分澳洲坚果在云南种植的最适宜、次适宜和不适宜区。结果表明,最适宜区面积57 939 km²,占云南省国土面积的14.7%;次适宜区面积63 977 km²,占云南省国土面积的16.2%。澳洲坚果可种植区域为文山州、红河州、普洱市、德宏州、临沧市、保山市、西双版纳州及玉溪南部地区,主要为云南热带、亚热带地区的河谷地带、低海拔山地区域。     

票据无因性原则法律适用研究

票据无因性是指票据基础关系与票据法律关系的分离。它能保证持票人（尤其是正当持票人）的利益，促进票据流通的效率。文章从票据无因性最基本的概念出发，针对有关票据无因性的争论中出现的几种不同观点进行阐述和分析，并对我国票据立法中所体现的票据无因性原则进行分析和思考。     

家蚕预蛹粉对糖尿病模型小鼠的降血糖效果试验

利用变态发育至预蛹期的家蚕制备预蛹粉及脱脂预蛹粉,并添加至饲料中饲喂四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病模型小鼠,观测小鼠血糖值及基本生理状况和主要脏器指数的改变。试验组糖尿病模型小鼠饲喂添加5%家蚕预蛹粉的饲料后,其"三多一少"症状有显著改善,肝脏指数、肾脏指数和血糖浓度均极显著降低,脾脏指数极显著提高,其中空腹血糖(FBG)比对照模型组小鼠下降20.38%,餐后血糖(PBG)下降39.07%;饲喂添加5%脱脂预蛹粉饲料的糖尿病模型小鼠,其控制血糖效果明显低于预蛹粉添加组。试验组糖尿病模型小鼠饲喂添加1%、5%和10%预蛹粉的饲料后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)均极显著低于对照模型组小鼠,分别降低了31.39%、45.89%和54.42%;5%和10%预蛹粉添加组模型小鼠的血清C肽极显著高于对照模型组小鼠,分别增加了18.97%和29.31%。试验结果显示,家蚕预蛹粉能有效控制糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖水平,并改善小鼠的基本生理状况和脏器指数,但总体效果略低于拜糖平添加组;脱脂后的家蚕预蛹粉的降血糖效果显著降低,提示其降血糖活性分子可能存在于脂溶性物质中。     

浅谈青海省牧草种子产业化的现状及发展思路

在总结青海省牧草种子生产现状的基础上,论述了青海省发展牧草种子产业化的有利条件及发展思路。     

T-2毒素毒性作用研究进展

T-2是A类单端孢霉烯族化合物中毒性最强的一种,对动物机体具有较强的危害,可造成多个系统出现中毒效应。作者主要对T-2毒素对动物的广泛毒性作用进行论述,且对下一步的研究方向进行了展望。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Major Histocompatibility Complex Ⅰ Gene from Goose F1 of Fast-growth Lines

According to the multiple alignments identified major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ (MHC Ⅰ) gene conserved sequence registered in GenBank from the family ducks (Anatidae) anser waterfowl, a pairs of specific primers for the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines were designed and synthesized by Primer Premier 5.0. Using the genome DNA of goose F1 from fast-growth lines, the target gene fragment was obtained by PCR. To conduct sequencing of the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines and make sequence alignment and analysis of protein structure and function by bioinformatics, and research the characteristics of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 and the physicochemical properties of the protein. Bioinformatics was analyzed the nucleic acid data, deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic trees. The result of sequence analysis showed that the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines was 1036 bp in length, which coded 96 amino acids polyprotein. The homology were 93% and 83% with MHC Ⅰ gene and coding sequence of Wulong goose in NCBI respectively. There were 72 different bases sequence and 16 amino acids change. There also was higher homology with other poultry, and existed genetic relationship of Siji goose > chickens > ducks.The homology segment sequences corresponding to the fragments of MHCⅠ gene of goose F1 coded 96 amino acids protein, which molecular weight, PI, positively or negatively charged amino acid, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index and average hydrophobicity were 11.342 ku, 5.32, 14, 17, 2.8 h, 34.92, 42.81, -1.066, respectively, and appeared 9 B cell epitopes, but contained no signal peptide. These results indicated that the protein for hydrophilic non-secreted proteins, had the high immunogenicity. In addition, The protein structure study indicated that alpha-helix, beta-sheet, beta-turn and random coil were 31.25%,16.67%, 14.58% and 37.50%, respectively. There existed amino terminal domain and carboxyl terminal domain in the tertiary structure. Therefore, MHC gene had significant difference between species and populations of individuals by the pathogen pressure in environment, and there were the interaction between polymorphism of MHC molecules and the diversity of antigenic peptide. MHC determined the differences of individual susceptibility to disease, and could be treated as a candidate gene for disease resistance.