鸭梨同源异型突变株的花器官分析

以20a树龄同一梨园中1株能稳定遗传的花器官变异鸭梨和普通鸭梨为试材,采用形态观测法进行了花芽发育、花粉萌发率、表观形态等方面的研究分析。结果表明:该突变株的花发育与普通植株花的正常发育最明显的差别在于花器官花瓣完全或部分缺失、雄蕊相应增多;花瓣对应位置的雄蕊花丝粗、花药大;花粉萌发率高;部分特化的花瓣上着生有花药。根据试验结果,推断该突变株可能是梨的花同源异型突变株,控制花器官发育的B功能区发生了突变引起花器官异常。该突变株为进一步认识植物花发育的内在调控机制、研究花的发育机理提供了可能。     

不结球白菜同源异型突变雄性不育系HGMS的发现和初步研究

从不结球白菜高代自交系中发现并育成不结球白菜同源异型突变细胞核雄性不育系HGMS(homeotic GMS).不育特征为心皮在雄蕊位置错位表达,雄蕊消失,雌雄两性花变成无雄蕊单性雌花,心皮化的雄蕊上着生有胚珠,是一种全新的雄性不育.该不育系的花瓣严重退化,长、宽变短,重量减轻;雌蕊由细长变为短粗、重量增加.进一步同工酶研究发现,雄蕊位心皮的酯酶酶带和过氧化物酶酶带与本身雌蕊酶带一致,充分表明该雄性不育确系心皮异位表达引起.并根据花发育的ABC模型推测,该突变很可能是花发育的B组基因缺失所致.     

文冠果同源异型变异株的发现

该文对北京林业大学苗圃内发现的一文冠果的同源异型自然变异株进行了形态及解剖学观察．结果发现：这一花器官变异植株的花明显小于正常株的花,且不能完全开放,始终呈半开状．花重瓣多轮,仅具花萼和花瓣,不具雄蕊和雌蕊．因为雄蕊和雌蕊全部特化为花瓣状,部分特化的内轮花瓣上留有花药的残迹,花药内的花粉发育是不正常的．与此相关的营养体特征是变异株的叶片大,厚且颜色呈深黑绿色．     

棉花去雄授粉简易器械研制和杂交制种技术研究

棉花去雄钳、授粉指套、集粉袋的研制，为棉花杂交种籽商品花开辟了一条有效的新途径，与常规手工去雄杂交制经较，去雄速度提高2倍，成铃数提高117．8％，铃重提高12－20％，每铃种籽粒数增加5．1粒，用红叶指示性状鉴定异交率为97．1％－97．5％，采用该方法配套技术，大田示范杂交制种效果表明，制种田不减产，每人每天杂交成铃700－900个，生产F0代杂交种籽1．87kg，每亩母本产杂交种籽34kg.     

Elucidation of the infection process of Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens) in rice spikelets

This study reports an efficient inoculation protocol that allowed cytological analysis of the infection process of the rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens. Examination of serial semithin and ultrathin sections of infected spikelets showed that the primary infection sites for the pathogen were the upper parts of the three stamen filaments located between the ovary and the lodicules. The stigma and lodicules were also occasionally infected to a limited extent. The pathogen infected the filaments intercellularly and extended intercellularly along the filament base. The host cells were degraded gradually. The pathogen did not penetrate host cell walls directly and did not form haustoria. In the balls the ovary remained alive and was never infected. This suggests that the pathogen is a biotrophic parasite that grows intercellularly in vivo.     

牡丹雄蕊的营养成分研究

作者对牡丹雄蕊的微量元素、维生素、蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸组成等营养成分进行了测定和分析,结果表明:牡丹雄蕊中蛋白质、K、Ca、Mg、P、Se等元素及碳水化合物、不饱和脂肪酸、VE含量、蛋白质质量较高,是一种较好的天然保健食品资源。     

文冠果雄蕊发育的解剖学及雄性不育蛋白的研究

研究文冠果雄性不育机理 ,该文观察了文冠果雄蕊发育的形态及解剖结构 ,并通过双向电泳方法对花药蛋白进行差异分析 .结果表明 :①两性花花药和雄花长、短花丝花药中均含有具萌发能力的花粉粒 ,但两性花的饱满花粉粒比雄花的饱满花粉粒少 ,两性花花粉败育可能发生在双核花粉粒时期 ;②雄花的短花丝后期能伸长 ,花药能正常开裂散粉 ,而两性花的花丝始终不伸长 ,花药不能开裂 ,这表明文冠果雄性不育的症结主要在于花药不能正常开裂 ,其次在于部分花粉败育 ;③在蕾期 ,两性花花药蛋白与雄花花药蛋白无差异 ;至开花期 ,至少有 2个多肽(B1 ,B2 )的表达存在差异 .对B1 进行了纯化和测序 ,序列为AGSDDVKVPIHPGSG .经蛋白质数据库检索 ,尚无与之同源的序列 .     

重庆地区川茶花品种资源的搜集整理初报

山茶花( Camellia japonica L.)亦称川茶花,别名海石榴、曼陀罗树(《群芳谱》、晚山茶(《花镜》)、耐冬(《青岛木本植物名录》),日本称薮椿。为山茶科( Theaceae)山茶属( Camellia)的常绿灌木或小乔木,是我国10大名花之一。 川茶花冬春开花,花大色艳,花期长,适应性和抗污力较强。因此,无论用于庭园或绿点栽植,都具有很高的观赏价值。我国是山茶花的主要原产地之一,具有悠久的栽培历史。据史料记载,唐代以前已有栽培,到宋时栽培较为普遍。17世纪后期,我国的山茶花传到了欧洲,成为世界名花。目前,全世界山茶花品种约1.5万个,已命名的品种在3000个以上。重庆位于四川盆地的东南,年平均气温18.4℃,冬季温暖 (1月分平均气温7.8℃),雨量充沛,年平均降雨量1080mm,相对湿度79％,土壤多为紫色土和黄壤,呈中性和微酸性反应,适宜于山茶花生长发育,1986年川茶花定为重庆市市花,为了充分发挥重庆传统名花的优势,丰富人民文化生活,调查、搜集、整理川茶花品种资源是非常必要的。     

单瓣与重瓣紫花木槿雌雄配子体发育的比较研究

该文对单瓣和重瓣紫花木槿雌雄蕊的发育进行了系统的观察.结果表明:单瓣紫花木槿的小孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成四面体状的四分体,成熟花粉是二细胞型,圆球状,表面有刺,雌蕊发育滞后于雄蕊发育一周左右,即雄蕊发育至单核小孢子时期时,珠心内大孢子母细胞开始进行减数分裂,历经蓼型胚囊的发育模式,发育为成熟胚囊.重瓣紫花木槿的雌雄蕊均瓣化并败育.单瓣紫花木槿开花后第4天开始进行双受精,胚的发育历经球形原胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚、子叶胚及成熟胚时期,核型胚乳,种子成熟后无胚乳.      

Infection routes for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in apetalous and fully petalled winter oilseed rape

Near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of apetalous (AP) and fully petalled (FP) winter oilseed rape were used to investigate infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which occurs mainly via infected petals adhering to leaves in FP oilseed rape. AP1 flowers had an average of 1·4 and 0·8 petals per flower in field and polytunnel experiments, respectively. In field experiments there were no significant differences between counts of FP1 petals, FP1 stamens and AP1 stamens adhered to leaves during flowering. At any one sample time, significantly more stamens tested positive for S. sclerotiorum on AP1 than FP1 NILs, e.g. in 2004, at early flowering 37·5% and 24·2% of stamens tested positive on AP1 and FP1 NILs, respectively. In polytunnel experiments, there were significantly more sclerotinia lesions per plant in the FP1 than in the AP1 NIL. The AP1 NIL did not avoid infection completely, probably because it produced some petals, and lesions were initiated from adhered stamens as well as petals. However, while 8·5% and 16·3% of petals initiated lesions in FP1 and AP1 NILs, respectively, only 2·5% and 1·0% of stamens initiated lesions in FP1 and AP1 NILs, which suggests stamens may be less infective than petals. In field experiments the AP1 NIL had significantly less incidence of sclerotinia stem rot than the FP1 NIL in 2004 (4·9% and 7·0%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in stem rot incidence between AP and FP lines in 2005 (3·6% and 4·3%, respectively) or 2006 (5·5% and 3·9%, respectively).