鸡MHCⅡ类分子部分基因的原核表达及单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

[目的]制备鸡MHCⅡ类分子的单克隆抗体。[方法]在分析鸡MHCII类分子蛋白序列基础上,选取鸡MHCⅡα链基因第2～6外显子和β链基因第3～6外显子进行原核表达,以纯化的融合蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,经克隆和间接ELISA筛选阳性细胞株。[结果]共得到1株分泌鸡MHCⅡα链抗体和2株MHCⅡβ链抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为MHCⅡα-4、Ⅱβ6-2和Ⅱβ6-31,其腹水效价分别为1∶256000、1∶256000和1∶1280000。Western blotting分析表明其特异性强,能与相应蛋白结合。[结论]成功获得了3株稳定分泌抗鸡MHCⅡ类分子抗体的杂交瘤细胞。     

分子插件法及其在农药分子设计中的应用

新农药创制是一项艰难复杂的系统性工程,而新农药分子的设计是该工程的源头,也是最重要的一环。文章对传统的农药分子设计方法进行了简单的归纳总结,并在课题组多年新农药创制实践的基础上提出了一种新的设计方法——分子插件法,并以吡啶二芳酮和芳氧吡啶乙酮为例,介绍了分子插件的设计及其在新农药创制中的应用。该方法的优点在于可将功能基团模块化,便于快速衍生和筛选,从而大大缩短农药的创制周期,满足对速度竞争的要求。     

Advances in Modulation of Intestinal Innate Defense Responses by Probiotic Bacteria

Probiotics are a kind of living microorganism which can be administered in feed and confer numerous health benefits to animals. Probiotics play a key role in maintaining the microbial balance of gastrointestinal, immunomodulation and pathogen defense, specific probiotics show certain degree of potential to reinforce the integrity of intestinal epithelium and regulate some immune components. The mechanism of probiotic action is an area of interest. Among all possible routes of modulation by probiotics of intestinal mediated defense responses, modulations of intestinal barrier function, innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses as well as signaling pathways are considered to play an important role in the intestinal defense responses against pathogenic bacteria. This review summarizes how probiotic bacteria interact with goblet cell-derived mucins, trefoil factors (TFFs),defensins, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), heat shock proteins (HSPs) and P-glycoproteins (P-gp) in the gut to regulate the intestinal innate defense responses,which is regarded as the scientific basis for the future detailed study of benefits of probiotics towards the health of intestine and also dietary intervention against intestinal exposure to pathogens.     

益生菌对肠道先天防御反应调节作用的研究进展

益生菌是可添加在饲料中对动物健康产生很多益处的活微生物,其在维持胃肠道微生物平衡、免疫调节和病原体防御中起关键作用,某些特定的益生菌菌株对加强肠上皮的完整性和调节一些免疫组分也显示出一定程度的潜力。有关益生菌的作用机制是当前研究的热点,其中,在益生菌调节肠道介导的防御反应的所有可能途径中,肠屏障功能、先天和适应性黏膜免疫反应及信号传导途径被认为在针对病原菌的肠防御反应中起重要作用。作者主要针对益生菌如何与肠道内的杯状细胞黏蛋白、三叶因子（trefoil factors,tffs）、防御素、Toll样受体（Toll-like receptors,TLRs）、分泌型免疫球蛋白A（secretory immunoglobulin A,sIgA）、热休克蛋白（heat shock proteins,HSPs）和P-糖蛋白（P-glycoprotein,P-gp）相互作用而起到调节肠道先天防御反应的作用进行了概述,以期为今后研究益生菌对肠道健康及对感染病原体的肠道如何起到有益作用奠定基础。     

2种过路黄抗旱生理特性的研究

以过路黄与金叶过路黄为材料,通过盆栽干旱胁迫,同时以正常浇水处理为对照,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对过路黄与金叶过路黄叶片的质膜透性、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质的影响.结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,过路黄与金叶过路黄叶片的质膜透性上升;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性先上升,后下降;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量增加,只是变化的幅度和进程不同.经几项生理指标的综合分析,得出过路黄比金叶过路黄具有较强的抗旱能力.     

细菌的群体感应及其信号分子

主要阐述细菌群体感应的类型、信号分子作用以及应用前景。     

Role and exploitation of underground chemical signaling in plants

The soil ecosystem is composed of a mixture of living organisms and non‐living matter as well as the complex interactions between them. In the past 100 years or so, agricultural soil ecosystems have been strongly affected by agricultural practices such as tillage and the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which strongly affect soil nutrient composition, pH and biodiversity. In modern pest management, however, the focus is gradually shifting from crop production through agricultural practices to soil ecosystem protection. In this review we discuss how the underground chemical signals secreted by plant roots play a role in keeping the soil ecosystem in balance and how they affect plant fitness by shaping the root biome, increasing nutrient availability, promoting symbiosis, and attracting beneficial organisms and repelling harmful ones, including other plants. We review a number of fascinating cases, such as signaling molecules with dual, positive and negative, functions and bacterial quorum sensing mimicking molecules. Finally, examples of how these compounds can be exploited in modern pest management are reviewed, and the prospects for future developments discussed. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

反刍动物双核滋养层巨细胞及其妊娠特异蛋白家族的研究进展

双核滋养层巨细胞是反刍动物胎盘特有的滋养层巨细胞群。作为母胎界面的第1层细胞,其从胚胎附着启动直接参与子宫上皮的变形和母胎交换过程。研究发现,牛、绵羊和山羊的该细胞群能特异表达胎盘催乳素等妊娠特异蛋白家族,以参与胚胎附着、胎盘形成、血管发生、免疫调节和母胎交换等生理过程,在妊娠维持中起着不同的重要作用,但具体生物学功能和调节机制仍有待深入研究。本文综述了反刍动物双核滋养层巨细胞的特征和其妊娠特异蛋白家族表达及生物学功能的研究进展。     

Symbioses of Cyanobacteria in Marine Environments: Ecological Insights and Biotechnological Perspectives

Cyanobacteria are a diversified phylum of nitrogen-fixing, photo-oxygenic bacteria able to colonize a wide array of environments. In addition to their fundamental role as diazotrophs, they produce a plethora of bioactive molecules, often as secondary metabolites, exhibiting various biological and ecological functions to be further investigated. Among all the identified species, cyanobacteria are capable to embrace symbiotic relationships in marine environments with organisms such as protozoans, macroalgae, seagrasses, and sponges, up to ascidians and other invertebrates. These symbioses have been demonstrated to dramatically change the cyanobacteria physiology, inducing the production of usually unexpressed bioactive molecules. Indeed, metabolic changes in cyanobacteria engaged in a symbiotic relationship are triggered by an exchange of infochemicals and activate silenced pathways. Drug discovery studies demonstrated that those molecules have interesting biotechnological perspectives. In this review, we explore the cyanobacterial symbioses in marine environments, considering them not only as diazotrophs but taking into consideration exchanges of infochemicals as well and emphasizing both the chemical ecology of relationship and the candidate biotechnological value for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.