Effect of shock lymph on apoptosis relative gene expression in pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells

AIM:To observe the effects of shock lymph on apoptosis relative gene expressions of pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), and explore its mechanism.METHODS:The model of severe hemorrhagic shock was established by maintaining the blood pressure of rats in the condition of sepsis, mesentery lymph and shock portal vein blood was taken out. As control, mesentery lymph, portal vein blood of normal rats was taken out. The primary PMVECs of passages 3 were treated by different treatment factors, respectively. The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expressions of relative genes of apoptosis such as fas, fas L, bcl-2 and bax were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:The apoptosis rate of PMVECs was 9.86%±3.24% after exposed to shock lymph at the final concentration of 4% for 4 hours and significantly higher than that in control (P<0.01). The expression levels of fas, fas L and bax mRNA were higher and bcl-2 mRNA was lower in shock lymph group than those in control group.CONCLUSION:The results demonstrated that the apoptosis of PMVECs of rats was induced by shock lymph, and its mechanism relate to high expression of apoptosis accelerative genes such as fas, fas L, bax mRNA and low expression of apoptosis inhibitory gene bcl-2.     

Smad pathway participates the process of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway

AIM: To investigate whether Smad pathway participates the process of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) induced the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (hUASMCs) were divided into four groups: control group, PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) group, ERK blocking agent group and PDGF+ERK blocking agent group. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of hUASMCs (A value). Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of PCNA, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) protein in hUASMCs. The expression of Smad2/3 mRNA in hUASMCs was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The proliferation of hUASMCs and the expression of PCNA, p-ERK and p-Smad2/3 proteins in hUASMCs in PDGF group were increased obviously than those in other groups (P<0.01). No difference in the expression of Smad2/3 mRNA in hUASMCs among groups was observed. CONCLUSION: Smad pathway participates the process of ERK pathway that induces the proliferation of hUASMCs at the level of protein.     

lncRNA在乙脑病毒感染PK15细胞过程中的作用研究

本研究旨在初步探索乙脑病毒（JEV）感染PK15细胞后的增殖情况,筛选与病毒感染相关的lncRNA,并对其进行亚细胞定位及靶基因预测。通过免疫荧光试验来检测病毒结构蛋白E的表达情况,采用TCID₅₀法检测PK15细胞中病毒的增殖情况,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测病毒感染后lncRNA的表达水平,在NONCODE数据库对lncRNA进行亚细胞定位,通过starBase、NONCODE、KEGG等数据库对其进行靶基因预测和信号通路分析。结果显示,JEV感染PK15细胞后,24~36 h为病毒滴度指数增长期,感染后36 h病毒滴度已达10^-5.75 TCID₅₀/mL。PK15细胞在感染JEV 12 h后,lncRNA A、B、C表达水平均无显著变化（P>0.05）,lncRNA D表达水平极显著下降（P<0.01）;感染JEV 24、36和48 h后lncRNA A、B、C表达水平极显著上升（P<0.01）,lncRNA D表达水平极显著下降（P<0.01）。lncRNA A主要定位在胞质溶胶,lncRNA B在细胞核和细胞质中均有分布,lncRNA C主要定位在细胞质中,在细胞核中也有可能分布,lncRNA D可能在细胞内呈现广泛性分布。通过靶基因预测和信号通路分析,lncRNA A、B、C的靶基因主要为OAS1、OAS2、OASL、COX1等,lncRNA D的靶基因主要为DST、ND1、ND2、ND4等。信号通路分析发现lncRNA可能通过肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、NF-κB和Toll样受体（TLR）等信号通路参与病毒感染后的增殖过程。本研究为进一步探索宿主细胞lncRNA对病毒增殖的影响奠定一定的基础。     

DDR1基因过表达对水牛乳腺上皮细胞的影响

为揭示盘状结构域受体1（discoidin domain receptor1,DDR1）基因对水牛泌乳性能的影响,本研究构建了水牛DDR1基因真核表达载体,并对其最佳转染时间进行摸索,同时分析DDR1基因过表达对水牛乳腺上皮细胞的影响。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果显示,载体片段大小与目标载体片段大小一致,均为8.8 kb,测序结果显示其与目的片段序列匹配率为100%。细胞转染试验结果显示,DDR1基因过表达最佳转染时间为48 h。细胞增殖检测结果显示,DDR1基因过表达组与对照组细胞相对荧光值差异不显著（P>0.05）。细胞凋亡检测结果显示,DDR1基因过表达对水牛乳腺上皮细胞的晚期凋亡率（19.87% VS 17.49%）无影响（P>0.05）,但极显著增加了水牛乳腺上皮细胞早期凋亡率（6.48% VS 1.35%,P<0.01）。同时,DDR1基因过表达上调了水牛乳腺上皮细胞中抑凋亡基因BCL-2和XIAP的表达,而下调了促凋亡基因P53的表达。此外,DDR1基因过表达显著提高了水牛乳腺上皮细胞的迁移率（66.26% VS 58.76%,P<0.05）。综上,试验成功构建了水牛DDR1基因真核表达载体并证明了DDR1基因过表达促进了水牛乳腺上皮细胞的早期凋亡和迁移,为今后进一步研究水牛乳腺发育和泌乳性能提供了一定理论依据。     

低水平葡萄糖对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞促炎症因子表达的影响

本研究旨在探讨低葡萄糖水平对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、溶菌酶(LYZ)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、乳铁蛋白(LF)和白细胞介素-8(CXCL8)等促炎症因子mRNA表达的影响。采用酶消化法将奶牛乳腺上皮细胞分离纯化后,分别在含有0.25、1.00和4.50 mg/mL葡萄糖的完全培养液中培养24 h,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测细胞中相关基因的表达。结果表明,上述基因的mRNA相对表达量在各葡萄糖浓度之间没有明显差异(P>0.05)。其中TNF-α和LYZ在各浓度葡萄糖中的表达量均非常少,iNOS的表达量居中,而IL-6、LF和CXCL8在各浓度组中的表达量相对较高。试验结果提示,葡萄糖浓度的减少并没有直接影响乳腺上皮细胞中TNF-α、LYZ、iNOS、IL-6、LF和CXCL8 mRNA的基础性表达;乳腺上皮细胞在未受到感染的情况下,能够表达一定数量的iNOS、IL-6、LF和CXCL8,这些因子可以作为先天性免疫防御的储备,在受到感染的情况下能迅速应对病菌的入侵。     

Isolation and biological characteristics of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from chick embryo intestine

ABSTRACT

1. Over the past decade, rapid advancement in isolation methods for identifying markers of the once elusive intestinal stem cell (ISC) populations has laid the foundation for unravelling their complex interrelationships during homeostasis. Study on ISC in avian intestinal tissue might play a pivotal foundation for further studies on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastrointestinal disease and cell-based therapy as well as intestinal tissue engineering.

2. The following experiment isolated a population of fibroblast-like, plastic adhering cells derived from chick embryo intestine, showing a strong self-renewing and proliferative ability, which was maintained in vitro up to passage 25. The findings included growth characteristics, detected expression of cell surface markers and characterised the capability of these cells to differentiate towards the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages.

3. RT-PCR analysis showed that these cells from chick embryos expressed mesenchymal stromal cell markers CD44, CD90 and VIMENTIN as well as ISC-specific genes LGR5, MI1, SMOC2, BMI1, and HOPX. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry confirmed this biology characterisation further.

4. In conclusion, cells were isolated from the intestine of 18-day-old chicken embryos that exhibited the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells as well as markers of intestinal stem cells. Our findings may provide a novel insight for in vitro cell culture and characteristics of ISCs in avian species, which may also indicate a benefit for obtaining cell source for intestinal tissue engineering as well as cell-based investigation for gastrointestinal disease and treatment.     

Therapeutic potential of amniotic fluid stem cells to treat bilateral ovarian dystrophy in dairy cows in a subtropical region

Amniotic fluid is a rich source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) have become a new source of stem cells; they have low immunogenicity and are easily harvested. For this reason, they may be useful in clinical tissue engineering. Moreover, AFSCs have anti‐inflammatory properties and can repair tissues. This study evaluated the utility of AFSC injection to treat bilateral ovarian dystrophy in Holstein‐Friesian cows. Bovine AFSCs (BAFSCs) were collected at slaughter from Holstein‐Friesian cows during the third or fourth month of pregnancy and cultured in vitro. The BAFSCs began to show a fibroblast‐like morphology. They were positive for β‐integrin, CD44, CD73, CD106 and Oct4 and negative for CD34 and CD45. After induction, the cells differentiated into mesodermal lineages. Bilateral ovarian dystrophy was confirmed by ultrasonography in 16 lactating cows. The subsequent experiment lasted 15 weeks. Serum was collected weekly to analyse progesterone concentrations, and weekly ultrasonography recorded ovarian changes. Each cow was equipped with an automatic heat detection system to facilitate oestrus observation and breeding records. The progesterone concentration of two cows in the treatment group (25%) significantly increased during weeks 10–15. On ultrasonography, the treatment group demonstrated mature follicles after BAFSCs injection, and foetuses were visualized approximately 40 days after artificial insemination (AI). Oestrus rates in the control and treatment groups were 0% (0/8) and 50% (4/8), respectively; pregnancy rates were 0% (0/8) and 25% (2/8), respectively. Calves were successfully delivered in both cases of pregnancy. These results show that BAFSCs can alleviate bovine ovarian dystrophy and restore fertility.     

东达山高寒草甸8种植物气孔特征沿土壤水分梯度的变化

植物叶片气孔密度和大小具有可塑性,在外界胁迫下而变化,是植物适应环境变化的重要机制。为揭示高寒草甸生境趋向干旱化过程中植物气孔特征的变化规律,选择藏东南东达山高寒草甸的8种优势或常见植物作为研究对象,设置10个土壤水分梯度,分析气孔特征的变化。结果表明,根据植物对土壤水分的依赖程度可划分为4种类型:大花嵩草为沼生型,随土壤干旱程度的增加气孔密度增加、气孔大小减小;鸭跖草、小大黄、矮生嵩草和珠芽蓼为湿生型,气孔密度和大小与土壤含水率之间的关系多呈现为单峰曲线格局;圆穗蓼和线叶嵩草为旱生型,气孔特征随土壤干旱程度增加的变化趋势与沼生型植物几乎相反;高山嵩草气孔特征与土壤含水率之间的相关性不显著,在土壤水分梯度上分布范围广,为广布型。每种植物生长都有适宜的土壤水分条件,过高或过低的土壤含水率都将胁迫植物的生长,因此植物气孔特征与土壤含水率之间的关系呈现多种变化格局。