Knowledge Assessment,Improved Storage Techniques,and Training of Local Processors and Vendors of Soy Products on Food Safety Practices in South West Nigeria

This study assessed the food safety knowledge, practices, and training needs of local processors and vendors of soy products in South West Nigeria. Ninety women, processors, and vendors were interviewed using a structured interview schedule about their training in food processing; knowledge of food hygiene, spoilage, and poisoning; primary source of water for processing; method of refuse disposal; types of toilet facilities; and hand washing, storage, and packaging practices. Laboratory studies were conducted to improve the storage of soymilk and soy cheese displayed for daily sale and to develop training in good food safety practices for local processors and vendors as an intervention strategy.     

Soy protein concentrate as a protein source for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858) diets: effects on growth and amino acid metabolism of postlarvae

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a dietary amino acid imbalance, originating from the use of a soy protein concentrate (SPC) as the major protein source, on the growth performance and amino acid metabolism of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) postlarvae. Senegalese sole (85.6±24.6 mg wet weight) were fed one of two experimental diets: one based on fish meal (FM) and another based on SPC. Diets were isonitrogenous (around 56% crude protein) and isoenergetic. Diet acceptability was very good and the growth rate was 6.9% day^?1 for sole eating the FM diet and 6.0% day^?1 for sole eating the SPC diet. Mass‐specific ammonia excretion and the activities of selected amino acid metabolic enzymes (ALAT, ASAT and GDH) did not present significant differences between treatments, although this may have been due to the high variability found for these parameters in the SPC treatment. This variability may suggest different capacities of individual fish to adapt to the possible methionine dietary deficiency. The utilization of amino acids as a substrate for lipogenesis does not seem to be affected by the dietary protein source, since NAPDH‐generating enzymes (G6PD and ME) had similar activities in both treatments. Amino acid metabolism in Senegalese sole postlarvae seems to be slightly affected by the dietary protein source. Nevertheless, the changes induced by the SPC diet do not seem to impair growth, at least at the high dietary protein level used in this experiment.     

The USDA trypsin inhibitor study. III. Sequential development of pancreatic pathology in rats

Weanling male, Wistar rats (40 per diet) were maintained on 15 diets which provided 4 graded trypsin inhibitor (TI) levels (93, 215, 337, and 577 mg/100g diet) repeated at 3 levels of protein (10%, 20%, and 30%). Raw and heated (toasted) soy flour provided 10% protein in the diet, while casein was added to increase the protein level to 20% and 30%. Three diets containing only casein as the protein source, at 10%, 20%, and 30% were included. Histologic changes occurring in the pancreas were evaluated in approximately 5 rats from each diet at 3 month intervals, beginning at 6 months, for 22 months. Criteria for the diagnosis of the observed histologic changes in the pancreas are discussed. Ultrastructure of the endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa was also examined.Pancreatic acinar cell density, as determined morphometrically, was reduced throughout the study in rats fed the 577 mg TI/100 g diet, indicating hypertrophy at the cellular level. Nodular hyperplasia was observed in the first sacrifice group at 6 months. Incidence of the lesion was positively related to both time of exposure and level of dietary TI. Acinar adenoma was first observed at 18 months and was most prevalent in rats fed the highest concentration of TI.Endocrine cells of the duodenal mucosa which contain cholecystokinin (so-called I cells) contained a denser population of secretory granules in animals fed the high TI diet compared with I cells from control animals, leading to the speculation that production and secretion of cytoplasmic hormones was increased in TI treated rats.Reference to a company and/or product named by the Department is only for purposes of information and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable.     

贵州油辣椒加工品质稳定性研究

为提高企业生产加工的油辣椒在常规储藏条件下的品质稳定性,对储藏过程中油辣椒样品感官性质、顶空氧含量、酸价、过氧化值和色价等变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：在室温、避光、干燥的条件下,随着储藏时间的延长,油辣椒的感官特性无异常变化;顶空氧含量与色价有所降低,酸价增加,最大变化值为1．07mg（KOH）／g;而过氧化值总体上呈先上升后减小的趋势。同时,在储藏过程中油辣椒品质稳定性受季节性温度和顶空氧含量影响较大。因此,低氧、低温条件和储藏时间为10个月内更有利于保持油辣椒品质的稳定性和营养价值。     

含茶多酚的大豆分离蛋白涂膜对甜樱桃保鲜效果的影响

将天然抑菌抗氧化物质茶多酚添加到大豆分离蛋白中制成复合涂膜液,以感官指标、硬度、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物和VC含量为质量指标定期取样分析测定,研究所制成的涂膜液在室温条件下对甜樱桃的保鲜效果。结果表明,含茶多酚的大豆分离蛋白复合涂膜液能较好地保持贮藏樱桃的感官品质,降低甜樱桃在贮藏期间的腐烂率,延缓果实硬度、VC和可溶性固形物含量的下降,从而延长果实的保鲜期。5%的大豆分离蛋白溶液中添加200mg/kg茶多酚制得的涂膜液保鲜效果显著,和对照相比,可将甜樱桃的室温保鲜期从2d延长至8d。     

传统发酵型辣椒酱的工艺优化综述

对传统发酵型辣椒酱现阶段的工艺优化进行综合介绍,分别从接种乳酸菌、试验方法、工艺参数等几个方面进行分析,对传统发酵型辣椒酱在工艺优化的发展趋势上进行预测,以期对辣椒酱的工艺优化提供参考。     

拱棚毛豆—单季晚稻—油菜高效栽培模式

随着传统农业向现代农业的转变，多种高效栽培模式不断涌现。该文从品种选择、茬口安排及栽培技术3个方面对拱棚毛豆——单季晚稻——油菜高效栽培模式进行了综述，进而加快该种植模式的推广和应用。     

青麦仁预制菜肴加工工艺的研究

以青麦仁为主要原料,对青麦仁预制菜肴的配方和加工工艺进行研究。结果表明,原料包最佳工艺为:熟制时间2 min,熟制温度95℃,炒制时间2 min,炒制油量4%,炒制温度165℃;以400 g青麦仁为基准,酱包的最佳配方为:蔗糖14 g,食盐1.5 g,酱油10 g,色拉油15 g,淀粉1 g,黄原胶0.05 g,单硬脂酸甘油酯0.24 g;原料包和酱包的储藏试验结果表明:经过灭菌后的酱包和原料包在储藏第30天时的菌落总数分别为1.9 lg(CFU/g)和3.0 lg(CFU/g),符合食品标准规定。     

大豆分离蛋白/酶改性胡萝卜纤维可食性复合膜性能的研究

将大豆分离蛋白（SPI）与酶改性胡萝卜纤维（CF）复合制备可食膜,研究CF质量分数、纤维素酶浓度和酶促反应时间3个因素对可食膜膜性能的影响,分析SPI和CF的复合反应以及纤维素酶改性CF过程的作用机理。结果表明,3个因素对可食膜性能具有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着CF质量分数的增大(0~25%),抗张强度（TS）增大,断裂伸长率（E）减小,水蒸气透过系数（WVP）先减小后增大;当CF质量分数增到16.7%时,WVP减小到最小值。随着纤维素酶浓度的增大或维素酶反应时间的延长,TS和E均先增大后减小,WVP减小;当纤维素酶的浓度为0.2 IU/g时,或当处理时间达到1 h时,TS和E最大,WVP变化趋于稳定。     

顶空固相微萃取—气质联用技术分析传统豆豉中的挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取技术提取4种不同地方传统豆豉中的挥发性成分,再经气质联用进行分析鉴定。样品分析结果表明,苯甲醛、苯乙醛、α-松油醇、4-乙基愈创木酚、4-乙烯基愈创木酚、丁香酚、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、吲哚、茴香脑等物质在4种传统豆豉中共同检出。