牙克石市水土保持生态修复的途径研究

文章在分析牙克石市自然条件及水土流失特点的基础上,提出牙克石市水土保持生态修复的可行性及生态修复的措施,以及近年来牙克石市生态修复所取得的可喜成果。     

松毛虫发生世代与世代分化

本文论述松毛虫发生世代和世代分化的复杂性,包括落叶松毛虫、马尾松毛虫、赤松毛虫和油松毛虫等。发生世代因地区不同而异。在同一地区,由于松毛虫幼虫的滞育,常出现世代分化。世代分化比例在不同地区、不同年份、不同松林和不同树木之间都有差异。在同一地方,不同年份也有差异。滞育与幼虫孵化期、气候、生态条件和食料有关。本文还讨论了“油松毛虫发育起点温度和有效积温的研究”〔林业科学,1987,23(3)〕的有关问题。     

广西大青山石灰岩山土壤理化性质的演变及其造林绿化

研究得知:该范围的石山(石灰岩山)上,在北热带气候及植被条件相互作用下,演变为一类特别肥沃的土壤——石灰土;该类土壤有机质及氮素丰富,保蓄水性能强;钙、镁、钾、铁、锰、锌等元素含量也十分丰富,故称“热带黑钙土”;石山石多土少,整体环境恶劣,而局部生境却十分优越,又因该区雨量充沛,即使石山中的石缝、石槽内,只保存5％土质,上面就会覆盖较繁茂的草、灌植被,其中不少具有较高的经济价值,同时,也易于栽培喜钙、喜肥的优良或珍贵树种。     

Productivity of intensified crop—fallow rotations in the Trenbath model

Management of crop—fallow rotations should strike a balance between exploitation, during cropping, and restoration of soil fertility during the fallow period. The Trenbath model describes build-up of soil fertility during a fallow period by two parameters (a maximum level and a half-recovery time) and decline during cropping as a simple proportion. The model can be used to predict potential crop production for a large number of management options consisting of length of cropping period and duration of fallow. In solving the equations, the model can be restricted to sustainable systems, where fallow length is sufficient to restore soil fertility to its value at the start of the previous cropping period. The model outcome suggests that the highest yields per unit of land can be obtained by starting a new cropping period after soil fertility has recovered to 50–60% of its maximum value. This prediction is virtually independent of the growth rate of the fallow vegetation. The nature of the fallow vegetation (natural regrowth, planted trees, or cover crops) mainly influences the crop yield by modifying the required duration of fallow periods. Intensification of land use by shortening fallow periods will initially increase returns per unit land at the likely costs of returns per unit labor. When fallows no longer restore soil fertility to 50% of the maximum, overall productivity will decline both per unit land and per unit labor, unless external inputs replace the soil fertility restoring functions of a fallow.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

换土垫层法处理地基及分析

本文作者通过多年实验,结合大庆工程实际,详细对比了四种施工方案,以及计算方法,并从中论述了如何选择最佳方案,具有指导意义。     

Determination of drought tolerance using root activities in Robinia pseudoacacia ''Idaho'' transformed with mtl-D gene

Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho') is an exotic multi-purpose tree used in landscaping, soil and water conservation, fodder sources and others. To improve its drought tolerance for reclaiming arid land, five lines of transformed mtl-D gene, as osmotic regulator in plant cells, have been selected and managed to determine their drought tolerance under experimental conditions.Qualitative and quantitative variables of transformed plants were studied. The critical value of drought tolerance was determined by detecting the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reductants in roots and soil water content (SWC). The critical value for drought tolerance was SWC 6% while for the control plants the critical SWC was 8%; a moderate level of SWC is 13% and the highest SWC for plant endurance was 18%. The method proved to be reliable and sensitive in the evaluation of drought tolerance for forest trees.     

马尾松飞播林土壤肥力研究

湖南省马尾松飞播林林地土壤肥力低下是制约其林分生长和发育的重要因素.通过土壤养分主成分分析,对马尾松飞播林土壤肥力级别进行了排序和分类,在此基础上,运用方差分析和灰色关联分析对土壤养分含量和土壤肥力水平进行了分析和评价.将湖南省马尾松飞播林地土壤肥力分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,全K、全N,微量元素Zn、Fe,以及土壤有机质含量在各肥力级别土壤中均存在显著差异,Ca、Mg、全P在各类土壤中的含量相差不大,全P在土壤中的含量极低,同时研究结果也表明,林分所处立地条件越好,土壤肥力水平就越高,这为马尾松飞播林林分施肥提供了科学依据.     

树桩盆景的养护管理技术

通过介绍生境管理，盆土管理和树上管理来讲述树桩盆景的养护管理技术。     

One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils

Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2–8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA forest soil surface horizons, we found that laboratory nitrification rates measured over 1 day related well to those measured over 4 weeks. Soil samples of Oa or A horizons were mixed by hand and the initial extraction of subsamples, using 2 mol L⁻¹ KCl, occurred in the field as soon as feasible after sampling. Soils were kept near field temperature and subsampled again the following day in the laboratory. Rates measured by this method were about three times higher than the 4-week rates. Variability in measured rates was similar over either incubation period. Because NO₃⁻ concentrations were usually quite low in the field, average rates from 10 research watersheds could be estimated with only a single, 1-day extraction. Methodological studies showed that the concentration of NH₄⁺ increased slowly during contact time with the KCl extractant and, thus, this contact time should be kept similar during the procedure. This method allows a large number of samples to be rapidly assessed.     

罗汉果生长温度因子分析

罗汉果主产于我国南方桂林山区，其中以永福县龙江乡到临桂县茶洞乡一带的山区为道地产区，对永福县龙江乡及周边乡罗汉果生长季节的月平均温度及≥10℃活动积温进行了统计分析，结果表明：永福县龙江乡在罗汉果生长季节的月平均温度及≥10℃活动积温与周边乡有显著的差异，为罗汉果生长条件温度因子的选择及科学引种提供了科学依据。