不同母岩母质上土壤特性的分析与研究

不同的母岩母质，一般形成不同性质的土壤。分析研究不同母岩母质上发育的土壤特性，对于指导农林业生产具有重要的意义。本文仅就河北省西陵地区几种主要母岩质上发育的土壤做了初步的分析。经研究发现，不同母岩母质上发育形成的土壤，其物理化学性质都存在很大的差异。     

黄土高原中槐生长调查分析

为了解中槐生长规律和不同条件下的生长情况，我们对中槐片林和散生木采用了标准的地和优势木调查。其生长规律是前5年高生长快，但径生长慢，5年后高生长减缓，而径生长较快，材积15年后生长加快；中槐生长一般随海拔增高而减缓；不同地形部位生长以原面和川道为好，其次为沟底，沟坡中部生长最差；不同土壤生长以塿土和黄墡土为最好，其次为黄绵土，绵沙土最差。     

CaCl_2处理对奈李低温贮藏期生理生化的影响

为了探明 Ca2 对奈李低温贮藏的保鲜效应 ,对奈李采用不同浓度的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理、聚乙烯薄膜袋包装、在低温 ( 5℃ )下贮藏 ,研究其生理生化变化情况 .结果表明 :采用质量分数为 0 .5 %～ 1.0 %的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理 ,对奈李的呼吸作用、Vc含量的降低、可溶性固性物的消耗、电导率和 POD(过氧化物酶 )活性的升高以及贮藏期的失水等均具有抑制作用 ,而用较高浓度的 Ca Cl2 ( 2 .0 %～ 6.0 % )溶液处理 ,则具有相反的作用 .     

仿桑园优质土壤肥料的研究(Ⅲ)──仿桑园优质土壤肥料试验

以桑园优质土壤中主要矿质营养的数量及比例为基础，研制了仿优质土壤桑树专用肥料，按照山东省棕壤、褐土、潮土３大类土壤测定肥效，经过３ａ的小区试验、中试及推广，认为该肥能有效地提高桑叶产量并能改进叶质，经济效益较高。     

紫椴小径材高温干燥工艺的研究

为了合理开发利用紫椴小径材,对其材性进行了研究,进而解决干燥工艺,提高干燥质量。通过研究小径材的构造和物理力学性能,并和成材作比较,研制高温干燥基准,提高紫椴小径材的干燥合格率。一、试材、试验设备及方法试材采自黑龙江省尚志县东北林业大学帽儿山林场,条件见表1。试验设备利用自行研制的间歇式电热真空干燥机,工艺试验共进行三次,每次均对试材进行质量统计,测试试材缺陷。选取5块试验板,3块含水率检验板,包括心材板、边材板、应力检验板各1块。检验板和试验板端头用铝箔纸封涂,检验板每4h称重一次。     

Effects of strip wise tillage in combination with liming on chemical and physical properties of acidic spruce forest soils after clear cutting

We investigated the initial effects of strip wise soil loosening (0–35 cm depth) on soil chemical and physical parameters by using a deeply working rotary cultivator in combination with liming and mixing of the dolomite with the soil material of acidic forests. The investigations took place 8 months after the treatment. pH values and contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg increased significantly at the tilled depth whereas the content of exchangeable Al and easily soluble P decreased. The rate of mineralisation increased at this depth which was shown by a loss of Corg, Ntot and short-term loss of NO₃-N. The treatment led to a mobilisation of Mn at the tilled depth. However, the content of exchangeable Pb decreased due to an increased pH value. Below the tillage depth of 35 cm only partly significant changes of exchangeable Mn and NO₃-N were found. The total porosity and bulk density at 10–15 and 40–45 cm depths were not significantly different from those in the control plot, but the rate of infiltration increased significantly.     

Preparation and Characterization of Phenolated Wood Using Sulfuric Acid as a Catalyst I: Liquefaction Behavior of Plantation Wood

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and poplar (Populus spp.) wood meal were phenolated in the presence of sulfuric acid used as a catalyst. The effects of reaction time and reaction temperature on the wood liquefaction were investigated. The results showed that the reaction temperature had the greater influence on the residue content than reaction time. Additionally, the liquefaction curve for the Chinese fir and Poplar were similar in general.     

Heat budget and statistical analysis of the relationship between stream temperature and riparian forest in the Toikanbetsu River basin, northern Japan

Riparian forests greatly influence aquatic ecosystems by providing shade cover, which controls water temperature and limits primary production. We examined the relationship between forest cover and summer stream temperature in northernmost Japan. Heat budget and statistical analyses were employed and the results were compared. Heat budget analysis revealed that the water temperature would decrease almost linearly from 29°C to 25°C with an increase in forested reaches along a 3.2 km stretch of the river. Multiple regression analysis by the stepwise method chose only open channel length as a variable to explain the variation in maximum stream temperature. A sharp increase in stream temperature was noted when riparian forest cover was removed in short lengths, of up to 1.0km; this increasing trend gradually flattened as the length of open stretch increased. Thus, even small openings in the riparian canopy resulted in drastic rises in summer stream temperature. The maximum summer temperatures estimated by the two methods were coincided, and can therefore be accurately estimated by regression analysis. Retrospective analysis based on the regression equation showed that the maximum summer temperature in 1947 was 6°C lower than at present, and that a sharp increase occurred from 1947 to 1960, a period of rapid expansion of agricultural land development in the watershed.     

马尾松水土保持林水文功能计量研究──Ⅰ．林冠截留与土壤贮水能力

对马尾松水土保持林的截水与持水功能进行了计量研究．结果表明：林冠的截水量与冠层枝叶生物量呈正相关；林分的截雨量和降雨量的关系可用Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ函数较好地拟合；灌木的截水能力与其叶质叶形有关，林分枯落物不仅具有较强的特水能力，还能明显改善土壤结构；土壤的非毛管孔隙度受植被因素的显著影响．并提出了各植被因子的持水模型和土壤孔隙度预测模型．     

Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the midwestern USA: 2. Competition for water

A study was carried out in an alley cropping system in the Eastern Maize Belt of the United States with the objective of quantifying the competition for water between trees (black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Spatial and temporal variation in soil moisture, tree and maize rooting patterns, tree and maize water uptake, and maize leaf area expansion were determined in three treatments; barrier (polyethylene root barriers separating maize and tree roots), trench (trenching without a polyethylene barrier), and no barrier (control). Significant temporal variation in soil moisture was observed in both black walnut and red oak alley cropping systems. The barrier and trench treatments resulted in higher soil moisture in the maize alley and lower soil moisture in the tree row than the no barrier treatment. Uptake of water by maize was higher in the barrier than the no barrier treatment. However, tree water uptake was higher in the no barrier treatment than in the barrier treatment because tree roots utilized water from the maize alley. Maize leaf area was negatively impacted by water stress in the no barrier treatment. Quantification of rooting patterns revealed that maize and tree roots were concentrated in the top 30 cm soil layer where water fluctuations were greatest. The barrier and trench treatments successfully eliminated the belowground root competition between trees and maize and resulted in greater leaf area and higher grain yields than the no barrier treatment. Thus, competition for water rather than competition for light seems to be critical in defining the productivity and sustainability of this alley cropping system.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.