Binding of phenthoate to bovine serum albumin and reduced inhibition on acetylcholinesterase

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are of environmental significance due to their high toxicity to animals. Binding to plasma proteins may effective influence the toxicological properties of xenobiotics. In an attempt to evaluate the affinity of phenthoate (PTA) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and inhibitory ability of bound PTA to acetylcholinesterase (AChE), we investigated the interactions between phenthoate (PTA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using tryptophan fluorescence quenching and subsequent inhibition on AChE activity by PTA. The results showed that PTA caused the fluorescence quenching of BSA because of the formation of a PTA-BSA complex. Quenching constants (K_sv), determined using the Sterns-Volmer equation to provide a measure of the binding affinity between PTA and BSA at 303, 306, 310 and 313 K were (3.4295 ± 0.0763) × 10⁻⁴, (3.2446 ± 0.0635) × 10⁻⁴, (3.0434 ± 0.0856) × 10⁻⁴ and (2.8262 ± 0.0569) × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH and ΔS were −25.04 kJ mol⁻¹ and 168.94 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively, which indicated that the electrostatic interactions played a major role in PTA-BSA association. The presence of BSA consistently reduced the inhibitory ability of PTA on AChE, with the relative activity being increased from 46.98 to 61.71% for the concentration range of BSA between 0 and 4.0 g L⁻¹.     

Alanine aminotransferase apoenzyme in dogs

Unusually low serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was detected in a Rottweiler dog with gastric dilatation-volvulus. Activity of ALT in the same sample was found to be much higher (estimated increase of 14,225%) when measured by methods adding the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P5P), indicating that nearly all serum ALT was in the apoenzyme form. An investigation was undertaken to determine the frequency of high serum aminotransferase apoenzyme levels in dogs. Eighty canine serum samples submitted to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory at Cornell University were assayed for ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the presence or absence of exogenous P5P. In 79 dogs, inclusion of P5P in the LAT assay resulted in a median decrease in AST activity of -6.3% (range -33.3% to 25.0%) in all 80 dogs. One dog had an increase of 336% in ALT activity after inclusion of P5P in the assay, but lacked a similar increase in AST activity. The reason for the high levels of ALT apoenzyme in the 2 dogs was not determined.     

Normal haematopoiesis,cellular components and stainable iron content in the bone marrow of camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Bone marrow samples were collected from the ribs of 20 healthy adult male Iranian camels (Camelus dromedarius). The bone marrow smears were stained using Wright's stain. Blood samples were collected at the same time for routine haematological examination. The development and morphology of the blood cells in the bone marrow of the camels were similar to those of other domestic species. The mean myeloid/erythroid ratio was 1.21, the mean erythroid percentage was 42.7% and the mean myeloid percentage was 52.0%. The mean percentage of other cells was 5.3%. The mean percentage of eosinophils in the myeloid series was higher than in other domestic species. Iron stores, estimated from Perl's stain, ranged from scant (1+) to moderate (3+) but most samples had 2+ iron content. All peripheral blood results were within reference ranges.     

循环曝气灌溉条件下小白菜生长及水分与养分利用

研究循环曝气灌溉对不同土壤作物水分及养分利用影响的规律可为循环曝气灌溉技术在不同土壤中的应用提供理论指导。以河南省3种典型土壤(郑州黏土、洛阳粉壤土和驻马店砂壤土)为供试对象,小白菜为供试作物,设置常规地下滴灌为对照组(CK)、循环曝气灌溉为试验组(CAI)开展盆栽试验,研究了循环曝气灌溉对作物生长生理指标及水分与养分利用的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,CAI可促进根系生长,其中郑州黏土和洛阳粉壤土CAI根系活力分别显著增大46.36%和16.79%(P0.05),根干质量分别显著增大35.33%和26.22%(P0.05)。CAI处理净光合速率较CK有显著提高(P0.05),其中郑州黏土、洛阳粉壤土、驻马店砂壤土依次增大了17.69%、12.41%和21.43%。循环曝气处理有效提高了作物氮、磷、钾的吸收效率,其中,郑州黏土和洛阳粉壤土氮素吸收量较CK分别显著提高23.68%和27.72%(P0.05);3种土壤CAI作物磷、钾吸收效率均有显著提高(P0.05),其中郑州黏土分别增加了27.54%和62.81%,洛阳粉壤土增加了25.20%和63.26%,驻马店砂壤土增加了26.86%和23.97%。循环曝气灌溉能显著提高小白菜产量和水分利用效率,其中,郑州黏土和洛阳粉壤土小白菜地上部鲜质量较CK分别提高了58.42%和62.03%,水分利用效率分别提高了27.86%和16.47%。综合比较小白菜生长指标、产量、水分利用及养分吸收效率,郑州黏土循环曝气灌溉处理具有最为显著的改善作用。     

运输对荣昌猪生理生化指标的影响

获取荣昌猪对运输的耐受能力,以此研究针对运输的保健药品和保健措施。选择40日龄的荣昌仔猪12头,在最低气温15℃下运输2h(100km)。从前腔静脉采集运输前及运输停止后30min、运输停止后第1天、3天、7天试验组及空白对照组荣昌仔猪的血液,进行主要血液生理生化指标检测。同时,检测试验组及空白对照组荣昌仔猪在运输前及运输停止后30min、运输停止后第1天、第3天、第7天的临床三大生理指标(呼吸、脉搏、体温)。采用F检验统计分析运输前后差异显著性,比较运输对组内各组影响的差异性。结果表明,荣昌仔猪在经过运输后,尿素、肌酐、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶等大部分生理生化指标都有上升,与运输前比较差异极显著(P<0.01),运输前各荣昌仔猪之间的生理生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05),荣昌猪对运输的抵抗能力较差,需要在运输前后做好抗应激措施。     

中草药饲料添加剂对河西肉牛血液生化指标影响的研究

为了提升河西肉牛产品特别是血液制品的质量及产业效益,利用饲料中添加中草药添加剂的方法对河西肉牛架子牛进行了育肥、屠宰试验。采取低剂量中草药组、高剂量中草药组和对照组肉牛血样,用专门仪器和方法测定了血液中5种血清矿物质离子、7种血清代谢产物及5种血清酶等生化指标的含量。结果表明:高剂量中草药组肉牛血清中的Na、Mg离子及乳酸脱氢酶含量均极显著高于低剂量组和对照组(P<0.01),Cl离子含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其葡萄糖、肌酐、甘油三酯含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶显著低于其他两组肉牛(P<0.05),而谷草转氨酶(AST)却显著高于其他两组肉牛(P<0.05);低剂量组和高剂量组肉牛血清中的高密度脂蛋白极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),碱性磷酸酶极显著低于对照组肉牛(P<0.01),而谷丙/谷酸则显著高于对照组肉牛(P<0.05)。结论:试验配制的中草药饲料添加剂对肉牛血液生化指标有良好的影响,对高剂量组肉牛的影响更为明显;饲喂中草药饲料添加剂的肉牛生长发育、营养状况均显著好于对照组,但高剂量组更优;利用高剂量中草药饲料添加剂饲喂的肉牛,其血液在制造保健用品方面有广阔开发前景。     

抓捕应激对鸡血清酶活性的影响研究

鸡受到抓捕应激后,开始血液中SOD活性降低,到第三天明显低于对照组;随着抓捕应激次数的增多,SOD活性又迅速升高,第十二天显著高于对照组,第九天、第十五天分别极显著高于对照组。CPK活性都高于对照组,而且随着应激次数的增加,CPK活性有逐渐上升的趋势。但抓捕应激对血清中GOT、GPT、APK、LDH、GSH-Px等酶活性的影响不显著。     

联网环境下农业文献数据库的情报检索语言问题

综述了国内外图书情报专家对情报检索语言研究的现状和看法，根据《中国农业科技文献数据库》建库和用户服务实践，对该库检索语言存在问题进行了较为细致的分析，并提出了解决方案。     

枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对平养和笼养肉鸡的影响研究

 将240只1日龄罗斯308（ROSS 308）肉仔鸡，按照饲养方式（地面平养和笼养）以及添加枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素与否（替代和不替代）分为4个处理组（1组：抗生素地面平养组；2组：抗生素笼养组；3组：枯草芽孢杆菌地面平养组；4组：枯草芽孢杆菌笼养组），进行42 d的饲养试验。结果显示：试验全期，肉鸡末体重和饲料/增重比指标，4组显著优于（P<0.05）1组，2组和3组之间无差异（P>0.05）。21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清生化指标分析显示：4组肉鸡血清白蛋白浓度显著大于1组；且血清尿酸浓度4组小于1组；而2组和3组之间所有血清测定指标均无差异。以上结果证明，无论是地面平养还是笼养方式，枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对改善肉鸡生长性能均有良好效果，其作用机理主要是提高饲料蛋白的营养利用率.     

添加烟酸铬对生长肥育猪的生长性能、代谢及组织学的影响

将选用的 12 0头杜长大杂交生长肥育猪随机分成 4组 ,3组为实验组 ,1组为对照组 .在实验组的日粮中添加 2 0 0、50 0、10 0 0 μg· kg-1烟酸铬 (以 Cr元素计 )进行为期 2个月的试验 .结果表明 :( 1)试验组日增重比对照组分别提高 11.7%、11.1%和 12 .5% ;料重比分别提高 5.5%、5.6%和 4 .2 % .( 2 )添加 Cr对血清中 K+、Na+、Cl-、总蛋白、白蛋白、脂蛋白及血红蛋白无影响 ( P>0 .0 5) ;血清中 Ca2 +、PO3-4 、尿素氮、尿酸、甘油三酯、胆固醇和血糖含量显著下降 ( P<0 .0 5) ;血清碱性磷酸酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶含量明显升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;磷酸肌酸激酶含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;而乳酸脱氢酶无明显改变 ( P>0 .0 5) .( 3) Cr含量均未超过国家限量标准 .( 4 )未发现器官的组织结构和细胞形态有何改变 .由此可见 ,在生长肥育猪中添加一定量烟酸铬制剂对猪有积极正面效应